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THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


THE    SOCIETY   OF   THE   NEW  YORK   HOSPITAL 

COMMEMORATIVE  EXERCISES 
ONE  HUNDRED  AND  FIFTIETH  ANNIVERSARY 


APPROACH  TO  THE  NEW  YORK  HOSPITAL  IN  1851 


THE  SOCIETY  OF  THE 
NEW  YORK  HOSPITAL 

1771 - 1921 


A  COMMEMORATION 

OF  THE 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  FIFTIETH  ANNIVERSARY 

OF  THE  GRANTING  OF  ITS  CHARTER 

HELD  IN  TRINITY  CHURCH 

NEW  YORK 

OCTOBER  26,   1 921 


ANNIVERSARY    COMMITTEE 

HOWARD    TOWNSEND 

BRONSON    WINTHROP 

R.    HORACE    GALLATIN 


SPECIAL    COMMITTEE 

ON  THE    EXHIBITION    OF    BOOKS    AND    PORTRAITS    AT   THE 
NEW   YORK   PUBLIC   LIBRARY 


WALTER    JENNINGS 


liioioedicai 


PREFATORY    NOTE 

The  Society  of  the  New  York  Hospital  was  granted 
a  Royal  Charter  on  June  13,  1771.  The  centen- 
nial of  this  event  was  duly  celebrated  on  July  24, 
1 871.  In  commemoration  of  its  150th  anniversary 
the  exercises  hereinafter  described  were  held  on  the 
afternoon  of  Wednesday,  October  26th,  1921.  As 
the  original  suggestion  for  the  formation  of  the  Hos- 
pital was  made  in  Trinity  Church  in  1769,  there 
was  thought  to  be  special  fitness  in  celebrating  the 
anniversary  in  the  same  place,  and  by  the  courtesy 
of  its  Rector,  the  Bishop  of  New  York,  and  of  its 
Vestry,  permission  for  this  was  given.  A  distin- 
guished audience  filled  the  Church. 


CONTENTS 

Order  of  Exercises  at  the  Commemoration  on  October 
26th,  1 92 1 — 

PACE 

AN  INVOCATION  OF  THE  DIVINE  BLESSING  BY  THE 
RIGHT  REVEREND  WILLIAM  T.  MANNING,  D.D.,  D.C.L., 
RECTOR  OF  TRINITY  CHURCH  AND  BISHOP  OF  NEW 
YORK 4 

an  introductory  address  by  bishop  manning     .         5 

an  historical  address  by  edward  w.  sheldon, 
president  of  the  society  of  the  new  york 
hospital ii 

a  letter  from  his  excellency,  the  right  hon- 
orable sir  auckland  campbell  geddes,  k.c.b., 
british  ambassador  extraordinary  and  pleni- 
potentiary        45 

an  address  by  the  honorable  nathan  l.  miller, 
ll.d.,  governor  of  the  state  of  new  york     .       49 

an  address  by  the  honorable  elihu  root,  ll.d.  57 

Charter  of  the  Society 69 

Governors 91 

Physicians  and  Surgeons 95 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

Approach  to  the  New  York  Hospital  in  1851  .        Frontispiece 

FACING   PAGE 

The  New  York  Hospital  in  1808 14 


The  Present  New  York  Hospital,  West  Fifteenth  Street 

Front 18 

The  Present  New  York  Hospital,  West  Sixteenth  Street 

Front 24 

Bloomingdale  Asylum  in  1881,  New  York  City    ...       30 

The  site  of  Columbia  University  Library- 
Campbell    Cottages    for  Convalescent   Children,    White 

Plains,  New  York 40 

Bloomingdale  Hospital,  at  White  Plains,  New  York  52 


ORDER    OF    EXERCISES 


HYMN 

Our  fathers'  God  !  to  Thee, 
Author  of  liberty, 

To  Thee  we  sing: 
Long  may  our  land  be  bright 
With  freedom's  holy  light; 
Protect  us  by  Thy  might. 

Great  God,  our  King  ! 

Bless  Thou  our  native  land  ! 
Firm  may  she  ever  stand. 

Through  storm  and  night; 
When  the  wild  tempests  rave, 
Ruler  of  wind  and  wave, 
Do  Thou  our  country  save 

By  Thy  great  might. 

For  her  our  prayer  shall  rise 
To  God,  above  the  skies; 

On  Him  we  wait; 
Thou  Who  art  ever  nigh. 
Guarding  with  watchful  eye, 
To  Thee  aloud  we  cry, 

God  save  the  state ! 


AN      INVOCATION      OF      THE      DIVINE 
BLESSING       BY 

THE    RIGHT    REVEREND 
WILLIAM   T.  MANNING,  D.D.,   D.C.L. 

RECTOR      OF      TRINITY      CHURCH      AND 
BISHOP      OF      NEW      YORK 

O  God,  our  Heavenly  Father,  we  ask  Thy  bless- 
ing upon  the  New  York  Hospital.  We  thank  Thee 
for  the  service  which  it  has  rendered  in  this  city 
from  year  to  year.  Give  wisdom  and  guidance  to 
all  its  officers  and  governors.  Receive  our  prayers 
for  its  physicians  and  nurses  and  for  all  the  members 
of  its  staff,  that  they  may  worthily  perform  their 
high  service  in  Thy  name.  Bless  all  those  whose 
benefactions  have  helped  to  maintain  it,  and  grant 
that  its  ministry  of  help  and  healing  may  be  con- 
tinued with  increasing  power  through  the  genera- 
tions to  come,  to  Thy  honor  and  glory,  and  for  the 
good  of  all  men,  through  Christ  our  Lord.     Amen. 


AN      INTRODUCTORY      ADDRESS 

BISHOP    MANNING 


B  Y 


As  Rector  of  this  ancient  Parish  of  Trinity,  which, 
for  a  little  space  longer,  until  the  installation  of 
my  successor,  it  is  still  my  privilege  to  be,  I  feel 
particular  satisfaction  in  this  service  for  which  we 
are  gathered  here  this  afternoon. 

It  is  peculiarly  appropriate  that  the  New  York 
Hospital,  the  most  ancient  foundation  for  the  care 
of  the  sick  in  this  city,  should  hold  its  one  hundred 
and  fiftieth  anniversary  service  here  in  the  old 
Mother  Church  of  Trinity,  on  this  spot  where  for 
two  hundred  and  twenty-five  years  prayer  and  wor- 
ship have  been  continually  ofi^ered. 

There  is  a  close  and  inseparable  connection  be- 
tween the  healing  art  and  the  ministry  of  the  Gospel, 
between  the  ministry  to  men's  bodily  suff^erings  and 
the  ministry  to  their  hearts  and  souls. 

In  the  old  pagan  world  the  art  of  medicine  was 
practised  with  high  and  sincere  devotion.  But  that 
spirit  which  the  modern  hospital  expresses,  the  spirit 
of  human  brotherhood,  of  compassion  and  care  for 
all  alike,  without  regard  to  condition,  caste,  or  race, 
came  into  this  world  only  with  the  advent  of  the 
Child  of  Bethlehem.  Every  hospital  in  the  world 
to-day,  in  its  ministry  of  mercy  to  men  of  every  sort, 
its  care  for  all  in  suffering  and  need,  is  a  witness  to 

[7] 


the  power  and  influence  of  Jesus  Christ.  And  there 
is  no  finer  and  higher  illustration  of  the  spirit  of 
Christ,  the  spirit  which  gives  itself  in  sacrificing 
service,  which  seeks  to  heal  and  help  the  ills  of 
men,  than  that  which  we  see  in  the  trained  powers, 
the  skilled  devotion,  the  readiness  to  risk  health  and 
life  in  the  service  of  their  fellows,  of  the  physician 
and  the  nurse. 

What  a  marvellous  illustration  of  this  we  had 
in  the  spirit  of  the  physicians  and  nurses  during 
the  war.  I  like  to  remember  that  the  poem  "In 
Flanders  Fields,"  which  touched  the  hearts  of  the 
soldiers,  and  of  all  of  us,  more  than  any  other  which 
the  war  produced,  was  written  by  a  young  physi- 
cian of  rare  gifts,  who  gave  his  life  in  the  great  cause. 
Those  noble  lines  were  written  by  John  McCrae 
as  he  stood  in  his  dressing  station,  so  close  to  the 
firing  line  that  some  of  the  men  who  were  shot 
rolled  down  the  hill  to  his  very  feet,  during  the  ter- 
rific fighting  of  the  second  battle  of  Ypres.  They 
are  a  fitting  expression  of  the  spirit  of  those  who, 
whether  in  war  or  in  peace,  minister  unceasingly 
in  our  hospitals  to  the  sufferings  of  their  fellow  men. 
May  God  bless  those  who  so  give  themselves  in 
the  service  of  humanity. 

I  am  glad  that  one  of  my  last  public  acts 
as  Rector  is  to  have  a  part  in  these  anniversary 
exercises,  and  to  welcome  to  Trinity  Church  the 

[8] 


officers,  the  staff,  the  nurses,  and  the  friends  of  the 
New  York  Hospital. 

I  will  now  ask  Mr.  Sheldon,  the  President  of  the 
Board  of  Governors  of  the  New  York  Hospital, 
to  act  as  chairman  of  this  meeting. 


[9] 


HISTORICAL     ADDRESS     BY 

EDWARD    W.    SHELDON 


The  Governors  of  the  Hospital  are  profoundly 
grateful  for  the  permission  that  has  so  graciously- 
been  given  to  hold  our  anniversary  exercises  in  this 
venerable  shrine.  Trinity  Church,  which  is  fortu- 
nate in  still  retaining  the  distinguished  leadership 
of  its  Rector,  notwithstanding  his  engrossing  episco- 
pal duties,  has  always  upheld  civic  righteousness 
in  whatever  form  presented.  But  there  is  special 
appropriateness  in  linking  to-day  these  two  ancient 
New  York  institutions,  because  on  this  very  spot 
the  younger  of  them  came  into  being.  There  is, 
too,  general  historic  as  well  as  spiritual  significance 
in  the  association  of  the  church  with  the  divinely 
appointed  mission  of  a  hospital.  The  wisdom  of 
ancient  Greece  ranged  over  many  human  needs,  and 
modern  medicine  finds  there  its  first  great  exemplars. 
Hospitals,  as  we  understand  the  term,  did  not  exist, 
but  the  temples  of  the  gods,  both  in  Greece  and 
Italy,  were  the  refuge  of  the  sick,  and  there  the 
priests  or  family  of  Aesculapius  ministered  to  the 
ill  in  body  or  mind  "in  a  full  conviction,"  as  Walter 
Pater  expresses  it,  "of  the  religiousness,  the  refined 
and  sacred  happiness,  of  a  life  spent  in  the  reliev- 
ing of  pain.'*  It  was,  we  recall,  the  payment  of  a 
sacrificial  debt  to  this  god  of  health  that  inspired 

[13] 


Socrates'  last  words.  That  fruitful  worship  of  per- 
fect sanity,  so  characteristic  of  the  Greek  and  Ro- 
man civilization,  may  explain  the  inscription  re- 
puted to  have  been  placed  over  the  entrance  to  the 
great  Library  at  Alexandria,  suggesting  that  the 
books  which  it  held  were  "the  medicine  of  the 
mind."  From  even  earlier  times,  indeed,  the  care 
of  the  sick  proceeded  under  religious  guidance. 
The  temples  of  Saturn  in  Egypt  and  of  Buddha 
in  India  seem  to  have  sheltered  medical  schools  as 
well  as  the  sick,  prior  to  the  Christian  era.  Moham- 
medanism in  its  turn  associated  medical  instruc- 
tion and  the  care  of  the  sick  with  the  mosque,  and 
in  the  early  and  middle  centuries  of  the  Christian 
age  an  intimate  relation  between  the  church  and  the 
foundation  and  maintenance  of  hospitals  flourished 
throughout  Europe.  Thus  the  hospital  fittingly  be- 
came the  Hotel  Dieu.  In  the  same  religious  spirit, 
the  privately  supported  general  hospital,  beginning 
in  1 123  with  St.  Bartholomew's  of  London,  under 
the  Prior  Lahere,  developed  in  England.  That 
model,  though  without  the  ecclesiastic  connection, 
naturally  commended  itself  to  the  British  colonies 
in  North  America.  In  Pennsylvania,  their  leader 
in  population  and  in  philanthropic  spirit,  a  charter 
was  obtained  in  1751,  largely  through  the  efforts  of 
that  matchless  American,  Benjamin  Franklin,  for 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital,  in  Philadelphia,  the  first 

[14] 


CL, 
CO 

o 

X 
O 


z 


incorporated  hospital  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 
The  idea  of  this  institution  originated  with  Dr. 
Thomas  Bond,  who,  like  many  of  his  profession  in 
that  day,  had  studied  medicine  in  London  and  Edin- 
burgh. Eighteen  years  later  it  fell  to  another  phy- 
sician of  similar  experience  to  suggest  the  estab- 
lishment of  such  an  institution  in  the  city  of  New 
York.  The  occasion  arose  in  this  church.  To 
understand  the  purport  of  that  civic  milestone,  a 
word  of  preface  may  be  helpful.  In  the  year  1769 
the  colony  of  New  York,  with  a  population  of  about 
300,000,  of  whom  only  about  20,000  lived  in  the 
city,  had  not  a  single  hospital.  A  century  earlier, 
indeed,  a  primitive  institution  under  the  direction 
of  a  Dutch  matron  had  been  maintained  for  a  few 
years  near  Whitehall  Street,  but  this  was  abandoned 
in  1674.  Medical  education  in  the  Colonies  was 
almost  as  backward.  In  1767  a  modest  beginning 
had  been  made  in  New  York  by  the  establishment 
of  a  medical  department  in  King's  College,  now 
Columbia  University.  Two  years  later,  on  May  16, 
1769,  the  graduating  exercises  of  the  first  recipi- 
ents of  its  medical  degrees  were,  by  a  happy  chance, 
held  here  within  the  walls  of  the  original  Trinity 
Church.  A  notable  assemblage,  including  the  gov- 
ernor of  the  colony.  Sir  Henry  Moore,  was  present. 
Lasting  distinction  was  given  the  occasion  by  Dr. 
Samuel  Bard,  a  student  of  King's  College  and  the 

[15] 


London  Hospital,  a  graduate  in  medicine  of  Edin- 
burgh University,  and  Professor  of  the  Practice  of 
Medicine  in  the  college,  whose  name  stands  high  on 
the  roll  of  the  profession,  who,  after  addressing  the 
two  graduates  on  the  high  duties  of  their  profession, 
eloquently  urged  on  the  community  the  crying  need 
for  a  general  hospital,  not  only  for  the  care  and  re- 
lief of  the  sick,  but  also  as  affording  the  best  and 
only  means  of  instructing  students  properly  in  the 
practice  of  medicine.  This  moving  appeal  met  with 
an  immediate  response.  Sir  Henry  Moore  then  and 
there  headed  a  subscription,  and  many  contribu- 
tions were  received.  Sir  Henry  did  not  live  to  see 
his  work  crowned,  but  the  Hospital  was  organized 
in  1770,  and  on  June  13,  1771,  in  the  term  of  his 
successor,  the  Earl  of  Dunmore,  a  royal  charter  was 
granted  to  "The  Society  of  the  Hospital  in  the  city 
of  New  York  in  America,"  a  seal  with  the  legend  of 
the  Good  Samaritan  was  adopted, — the  original  sil- 
ver die  of  which  is  still  used  by  the  Society, — an 
annual  appropriation  of  £800  for  twenty  years  was 
voted  by  the  Colonial  Assembly,  and  steps  were 
taken  to  procure  an  appropriate  site.  The  city 
offered  a  tract  of  three-quarters  of  an  acre  near 
where  the  present  Municipal  Building  stands,  and 
Trinity  Church,  which  in  1755  had  given  King's 
College  its  grounds  in  Park  Place,  offered  the  Hos- 
pital a  99-years  lease  of  a  two-acre  plot  at  Canal  and 

[16] 


Hudson  Streets,  but  the  Society  determined  to  buy- 
five  acres  of  land  on  an  elevated  site  on  the  west 
side  of  Broadway  opposite  Pearl  Street,  and  impos- 
ing hospital  buildings  were  painstakingly  planned. 
Meanwhile  Dr.  John  Jones  was  sent  to  England  to 
make  a  public  appeal  there  for  funds,  and  to  study 
European  hospital  architecture.  Dr.  John  Fother- 
gill,  the  famous  English  physician,  who  was  then 
conferring  at  London  with  Franklin  in  an  endeavor 
to  avert  hostilities  between  the  mother  country  and 
the  colonies,  exerted  himself  in  behalf  of  the  proj- 
ect, and  was  so  successful  that  he  was  chosen  as 
one  of  its  first  Governors.  Among  the  many  Brit- 
ish gifts  were  20  shares  in  the  Delaware  Lottery 
from  the  Earl  of  Stirling.  On  September  3,  1773, 
the  corner-stone  of  the  Hospital  was  laid  with  due 
ceremony  by  Governor  Tryon.  Construction  was 
pressed  with  all  convenient  speed,  a  staff  of  physi- 
cians, including  Drs.  Bard  and  Jones,  was  appointed, 
preparations  for  the  reception  of  patients  were  made, 
but  on  the  28th  of  February,  177S,  when  the  build- 
ing was  practically  completed,  an  accidental  fire 
consumed  the  interior,  "and,"  as  the  New  York  Ga- 
zette and  Weekly  Mercury  described  it,  "this  beau- 
tiful and  useful  structure,  at  once  the  pride  and 
ornament  of  the  city,  became  a  ruin."  Nothing 
daunted,  the  Governors  made  a  fresh  appeal  for 
funds,  £4,000  was  granted  by  the  Colonial  Assem- 

[17} 


bly,  reconstruction  was  begun  and  within  a  year 
completed.  But  then  a  new  obstacle  to  hospital 
operation  arose.  The  War  of  the  Revolution  had 
exposed  New  York  to  attack,  and  on  April  2,  1776, 
the  New  York  Committee  of  Safety  ordered  the 
Governors  to  have  the  Hospital  put  in  a  proper  state 
for  the  reception  of  Continental  troops.  Breast- 
works had  been  thrown  up  around  the  building,  and 
the  posting  of  troops  there  was  deemed  necessary 
for  the  defense  of  these  works  and  of  the  city  in 
general.  By  the  irony  of  fate  the  first  hospital 
patients  received  in  the  building  were  several  Ameri- 
can soldiers  who  had  been  wounded  July  12,  1776, 
in  an  engagement  between  the  shore  batteries  and 
two  British  warships  forcing  a  passage  up  the  Hud- 
son. One  of  the  cannon-balls  in  that  action  landed 
in  the  hospital  grounds.  In  the  fortune  of  war, 
the  occupation  of  the  Hospital  passed  with  the  capn 
ture  of  the  city  in  September,  1776,  to  British  and 
Hessian  troops.  As  their  barracks,  and  occasionally 
as  a  military  hospital,  the  building  continued  to  be 
used  for  the  next  seven  years.  When  the  soldiers 
were  withdrawn  and  the  war  ended,  a  tedious  period 
of  readjustment  ensued.  Among  other  complica- 
tions, a  reconstitution  of  the  Board  of  Governors 
became  necessary,  since  several  of  them  had  been 
named  in  the  bill  of  attainder.  Some  use  in  the 
meanwhile  was  made  of  the  buildings  for  medical 

[18] 


~     p 


«:f?ic*r  _^ 


<■• 


instruction,  and  the  State  Legislature  met  there, 
but  it  was  not  until  January,  1791,  that  this  "Asy- 
lum for  Pain  and  Distress,"  as  the  Governors  feel- 
ingly described  it,  was  finally  opened  for  the  treat- 
ment of  patients.  A  few  years  later  the  corporate 
title  of  the  institution  was  changed  by  the  Legisla- 
ture to  the  present  form,  "The  Society  of  the  New 
York  Hospital."  That  notable  landmark  of  the 
city,  with  its  stately  gray-stone  buildings  and  beau- 
tiful trees,  lawn,  and  flowers,  may  still  be  remem- 
bered by  some  of  those  present  to-day.  It  was 
this  prospect  which  is  said  to  have  animated  the 
genial  Diedrich  Knickerbocker  while  composing  his 
inimitable  History  of  New  York.  No  one,  probably, 
retains  a  more  vivid  recollection  of  the  scene  than 
our  honored  senior  surgeon.  Dr.  Robert  F.  Weir, 
who  began  his  brilliant  professional  career  as  a 
junior  interne,  in  the  shadow  of  those  lofty  elms, 
in  1859.  The  grounds  extended  from  Broadway 
west  to  Church  Street  and  from  Duane  Street  north 
to  Worth  Street.  The  main  building,  with  a  hand- 
some cupola,  was  in  the  centre,  on  the  Worth  Street 
side  was  the  North  Building,  on  the  Duane  Street 
side  the  newer  South  Building,  and  a  laundry,  ex- 
tensive stables,  and  a  building  for  lectures  and  au- 
topsies occupied  other  sites.  This  structural  group, 
which  contained  about  500  beds  for  patients,  con- 
tinued in  active  use  until  1870,  when  the  Governors 

[19] 


of  the  Society  found  the  financial  burden  of  main- 
taining a  hospital  on  that  spacious  and  valuable 
site  too  heavy  to  bear.  They  accordingly  vacated 
the  buildings  and  leased  the  ground  on  long  terms, 
which  have,  from  time  to  time,  since  been  renewed. 
As  soon  as  the  necessary  funds  could  be  accumulated, 
a  new  hospital  was  built  on  the  present  site  in  Fif- 
teenth and  Sixteenth  Streets,  west  of  Fifth  Avenue, 
and  there  the  work  of  the  Society's  General  Hospital 
has  since  been  conducted. 

During  the  progress  of  the  removal  of  the  main 
Hospital  from  lower  Broadway  the  demand  for  an 
emergency  hospital  service  in  that  district  was  em- 
phasized by  the  city's  abandonment  in  1875  of  the 
so-called  Park  Hospital  at  the  corner  of  Centre  and 
Chambers  Streets.  This  created  an  acute  com- 
munity need  and  the  Governors  responded  to  it 
by  immediately  establishing  what  was  known  as 
the  Chambers  Street  Hospital.  The  building  util- 
ized for  this  purpose  under  informal  license  from  the 
city  was  a  disused  Police  Station  House  at  160 
Chambers  Street.  Notwithstanding  the  insecurity 
of  the  tenure  of  this  property,  the  Society  expended 
a  large  sum  in  converting  the  building  into  a  hos- 
pital, and  there  320,000  patients  were  treated.  This 
service  became  so  important  that  in  1894  the  So- 
ciety acquired  a  plot  at  the  corner  of  Hudson  and 
Jay  Streets  and  there  constructed  the  modern  fire- 

[  20  ] 


proof  hospital  building  known  as  the  House  of  Relief. 
Under  the  brilliant  direction  first  of  Dr.  William  T. 
Bull  and  afterward  of  Dr.  Lewis  A.  Stimson,  these 
two  Hospitals  successively  carried  on  an  active  and 
notable  surgical  service,  in  addition  to  constant 
medical  work.  When,  after  the  recent  war  the 
Government  wished  to  acquire  the  property  for 
hospital  use,  the  Governors  of  the  Society  decided 
to  accept  the  offer.  In  doing  so  they  were  actuated 
not  only  by  a  desire  to  meet  the  Government's  need, 
but  also  by  the  facts  that  two  other  hospitals  re- 
cently established  met  the  wants  of  the  neighbor- 
hood, and  that  under  such  conditions  it  was  becom- 
ing increasingly  difficult  to  maintain  in  that  part  of 
the  city  the  quality  of  professional  care  and  hospi- 
tal service  which  the  standard  of  the  Society  re- 
quired. 

One  duty  fulfilled  is  apt  to  create  another.  Hav- 
ing thus  taken  up  in  1875  emergency  hospital  work 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  city,  the  desirability  of  an 
ambulance  service  presented  itself  to  the  Society, 
as  it  had  in  1869  to  the  Managers  of  Bellevue  Hospi- 
tal. In  no  other  way  could  the  injured  or  stricken 
obtain  prompt  medical  relief.  The  work  thus  under- 
taken was  continuously  pursued  at  the  down-town 
Hospital  until  its  sale  in  1919,  and  at  the  main  Hos- 
pital has  been  uninterrupted  since  1877.  It  is  neither 
an  easy  nor   an   agreeable  service,  but  the  public 

[21] 


need  for  such  emergency  ministration  has  persuaded 
us  not  to  abandon  it.  How  great  that  need  has  been 
will  appear  from  the  record  of  the  245,000  ambulance 
calls  responded  to  by  the  Hospital  since  our  service 
was  installed.  Intrinsically  this  service,  which  is 
already  conducted  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Police  Department,  is  a  municipal  function,  and 
the  city  may  before  long  see  its  way  to  taking  the 
work  over  entirely. 

In  the  enormous  growth  of  the  city  and  the  won- 
derful development  of  its  many  noble  hospitals, 
general  and  special,  it  is  easy  to  lose  sight  of  the 
commanding  position  and  wide  influence  which  for 
a  hundred  years  this  pioneer  of  New  York  hospitals, 
and  prior  to  1850  its  only  general  hospital,  possessed 
in  the  city,  the  State,  and  the  country.  Laid  on 
broad  foundations,  it  has  ministered  to  the  relief 
of  the  sick  and  to  the  education  of  the  medical  pro- 
fession in  a  conspicuous  way,  and  has  been  the 
municipal  centre  of  the  art  of  medicine.  It  has 
done  not  only  its  own  work  but  in  a  spirit  of  helpful- 
ness has  from  time  to  time  aided  other  institutions 
in  their  corporate  tasks.  Thus  the  Governors  co- 
operated in  the  establishment  of  the  New  York 
Dispensary  in  1795.  Later  the  Hospital  opened  its 
doors  to  and  sheltered  the  entire  operations  of  the 
Society  of  the  Lying-in  Hospital  from  1801  to 
1827;  the  New  York  Lying-in  Asylum  from  1823  to 

[22] 


1825;  the  New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary  from 
1824  to  1826,  and  the  New  York  University  Medi- 
cal School  from  1866  to  1869.  There  in  1792  the 
first  care  in  the  State  of  mental  disease  was  under- 
taken and  has  been  continuously  maintained  to 
this  day.  There,  in  1799,  a  few  months  after  Dr. 
Jenner  had  announced  his  great  discovery  in  Lon- 
don, Dr.  Valentine  Seaman  introduced  vaccination 
for  small-pox  into  America.  There,  from  1798  to 
1870,  a  special  hospital  service  for  sailors  was  main- 
tained. There  in  18 16  the  philanthropic  Quaker, 
Thomas  Eddy,  a  Governor,  the  Treasurer  and  after- 
ward the  President  of  the  Society,  who  had  made  a 
study  of  the  reforms  then  in  progress  in  France  and 
England  under  the  direction  of  Philippi  Pinel  and 
William  and  Samuel  Tuke,  presented  a  memorable 
report  to  the  Governors  in  which  he  advocated  a 
radical  change  in  the  medical  treatment  of  mental 
diseases.  This  resulted  in  the  establishment,  in  a 
spacious  country  site  on  Morningside  Heights,  of 
a  separate  department  of  the  Society  known  as 
Bloomingdale  Hospital,  open  to  the  whole  country, 
which  had  ever  since  cared  for  the  mentally  afflicted 
on  a  humane  and  scientific  basis,  and  has  gained  a 
world-wide  reputation.  Only  last  May  the  centen- 
nial of  Bloomingdale,  which  in  1894  had  been  re- 
moved to  White  Plains,  was  celebrated  there  in  the 
presence  of  a  distinguished  gathering  of  psychia- 

[23] 


trists  from  this  country  and  Europe.  In  1816,  too, 
the  New  York  Hospital  issued  an  American  Pharma- 
copoeia which  had  been  prepared  by  Drs.  Samuel  L. 
Mitchill  and  Valentine  Seaman  primarily  for  the 
use  of  the  staff,  but  which  became  and  remained  the 
recognized  standard  for  the  medical  and  pharma- 
ceutical professions  throughout  most  of  the  country 
until  the  first  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  was  pre- 
pared under  the  supervision  of  a  convention  of  State 
Medical  Associations  in  Philadelphia  in  January, 
1 82 1,  presided  over  by  Dr.  Mitchill.  Even  earlier 
than  this  Dr.  Seaman,  who  was  described  on  the 
title-page  as  "Lecturer  on  Clinical  Surgery  in  the 
New  York  Hospital,*'  had  issued  in  181 1  for  the  con- 
venience of  his  students  a  surgical  pharmacopoeia. 
There  were  performed  for  the  first  time  various  suc- 
cessful and  brilliant  surgical  operations;  such  as  the 
ligature  by  Dr.  Wright  Post  of  the  common  carotid 
artery  in  1813,  of  the  external  iliac  artery  in  18 14, 
and  of  the  subclavian  artery  in  1817,  and  the  liga- 
ture by  Dr.  Valentine  Mott  in  181 8  of  the  innomi- 
nate artery.  There  Dr.  Francis  U.  Johnson  as 
early  as  1832  abandoned  the  old  method  of  treating 
fevers  by  depletion.  There  in  1835,  thirty  years 
before  Lister  had  taken  up  the  subject,  the  Gov- 
ernors instituted  a  searching  inquiry  into  the  cause 
of  erysipelas  in  the  surgical  wards  of  the  Hospital; 
this  produced  a  detailed  report,  with  various  recom- 

[24] 


< 

o  « 

w  g 

si  S 

O  j; 

w  = 

Z  =^ 

"  S 

til  > 


mendations,  based  upon  personal  investigation  by  a 
committee  of  the  Governors  and  the  professional 
advice  of  the  Medical  Staff  and  of  sanitary  experts. 
These  recommendations  were  adopted  by  the  Board, 
and  included  a  general  rearrangement  of  the  wards, 
many  devices  for  securing  greater  cleanliness,  the 
employment  of  a  larger  and  more  competent  force 
of  nurses,  and  the  construction,  at  a  cost  of  $50,000, 
of  the  North  Building,  which  represented  the  most 
advanced  ideas  of  hospital  construction  then  enter- 
tained. The  results  of  these  radical  changes  were  im- 
mediately beneficial,  but  fourteen  years  later  hospi- 
tal gangrene,  the  disease  so  prevalent  in  Europe, 
and  the  horrors  of  which  led  Lister  to  his  discovery 
of  antiseptic  surgery,  broke  out  in  the  New  York 
Hospital.  Again  a  careful  inquiry  was  made,  new 
methods  of  ventilation  and  heating  were  devised 
and  installed  at  a  cost  of  $50,000,  and  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  work  published  for  the  benefit  of  the 
medical  profession,  the  managers  of  other  hospitals, 
and  the  people  at  large.  Similarly  satisfactory  re- 
sults followed  these  reforms,  but  the  complete  pro- 
tection of  the  patient  from  sepsis  in  the  actual  surgi- 
cal contact  still  awaited  the  adoption  of  Lister's 
world-aiding  discovery.  Meanwhile  a  succession 
of  novel  and  important  surgical  operations  has  been 
recorded  which  naturally  increased  in  daring  and 
lasting  value  as  the  antiseptic  method  established 

[25] 


itself.  In  medicine,  also,  a  galaxy  of  famous  physi- 
cians ministered  to  the  sick  and  steadily  developed 
the  science  of  therapeutics. 

So  this  great  temple  of  healing  has  been  open  day 
and  night  during  these  long  years  to  fulfil  the  pro- 
fessed object  of  its  founders  to  extend  relief  to  the 
sick  and  distressed  poor  of  the  community  "with 
the  most  indiscriminating  impartiality."  That,  as 
those  pious  men  described  it,  was  "the  Godlike  de- 
sign of  our  patent."  But  there  was  another  cor- 
porate object  intimately  and  necessarily  related  to 
the  care  of  the  sick,  which  was  vividly  portrayed  by 
Dr.  Bard  in  his  address  here  in  1769,  namely,  the 
education  of  doctors.  That  purpose  was  again 
avowed  in  the  petition  for  a  charter  presented  in 
March,  1770,  in  an  appeal  in  September,  1771,  for 
the  aid  and  sympathy  of  Lord  Dunmore's  successor, 
Governor  General  Tryon,  and  in  an  application  to 
the  Legislature  of  the  State  in  February,  1792,  for 
an  annual  money  grant.  Immediately  on  the  open- 
ing of  the  Hospital  for  patients  in  1791  the  medical 
staff  became  a  medical  faculty,  and  organized  for 
clinical  lectures  and  general  instruction  of  students. 
Those  students  in  large  numbers  attended  the  clin- 
ics and  used  the  library  and  other  facilities  of  the 
Hospital.  The  medical  students  of  King's  College 
had  these  privileges  from  the  beginning.  In  1807 
they  were  extended  to  the  newly  incorporated  Col- 

[26] 


lege  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  and  were  shared 
by  both  colleges  until  the  medical  faculty  of  Co- 
lumbia was  absorbed  in  1813  by  the  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons.  In  i860  the  latter  college  be- 
came in  its  turn  the  Medical  Department  of  Colum- 
bia. Nor  were  students  from  other  medical  schools, 
nor  unattached  students  from  the  city  and  from  the 
country  at  large,  debarred  from  the  privileges. 

Some  idea  of  the  extent  of  this  educational  work 
may  be  gained  when  we  recall  that  at  the  old  Broad- 
way Hospital  300  students  regularly  attended  the 
clinics  in  the  main  hospital  building  and  300  more 
those  held  in  the  newer  South  building.  In  volume 
certainly  this  will  bear  comparison  with  the  per- 
formance of  any  medical  school  in  the  country. 
One  of  New  York*s  historians,  writing  in  1868,  said 
that  the  Hospital  was  then  "recognized  as  a  centre 
from  which  is  derived  a  large  share  of  that  practical 
knowledge  for  which  the  American  physician  has  be- 
come so  famous."  To  aid  the  staff  and  medical 
pupils  further,  a  medical  library  was  established  in 
1796  which  grew  steadily  until  it  was  the  largest 
and  best  in  the  country.  Being  open  to  the  public 
it  was  consulted  by  thousands  of  students  and 
practitioners.  The  financial  burden  of  its  mainte- 
nance, however,  finally  became  so  heavy  that  in 
1898  the  Governors  determined  to  give  the  collec- 
tion of  23,000  volumes  to  the  Academy  of  Medi- 

[27] 


cine,  where  they  are  still  available  for  the  use  of  the 
profession.  With  a  like  object,  beginning  in  1840, 
a  pathological  cabinet  of  rare  value  was  accumu- 
lated by  the  Hospital,  but  in  1901,  because  of  lack 
of  room  for  their  exhibition,  the  larger  number  of 
the  specimens  was  distributed  among  the  labora- 
tories of  several  medical  colleges.  Perhaps  a  better 
idea  of  the  scientific  significance  of  this  national 
university  of  medicine  may  be  gained  by  consult- 
ing some  informed  professional  opinion.  Thus  in 
the  course  of  *'A  Lecture  on  Practical  Education  in 
Medicine  and  on  the  course  of  instruction  at  the 
New  York  Hospital,"  Dr.  John  Watson,  one  of  the 
brilliant  surgeons  of  that  institution,  said  in  1846: 

"You  may  in  other  countries  find  larger  hospitals; 
but  none  presenting  a  greater  variety  of  acute  and 
important  diseases.  You  may  find  in  other  hospitals 
abler  teachers;  but  none  so  willing  as  we  have  been 
to  give  you  our  time  and  services  for  nothing;  you 
may  find,  in  some  few  other  institutions,  greater 
opportunities  for  autopsic  examinations;  you  may 
find,  in  the  cabinets  of  foreign  societies,  more  valua- 
ble pathological  collections;  you  may,  in  other  cities, 
even  find  larger  libraries  than  ours.  But  look  for 
all  of  these  together  in  any  other  hospital,  either  at 
home  or  abroad — and  you  will  look  for  them  in  vain. 
I  say  it  without  fear  of  contradiction,  you  will  not 
find  a  single  hospital  to  compare  with  this, — not 

[28] 


one  that  contains  within  itself  so  many  advantages 
for  both  theoretical  and  practical  study  as  this 
N.  Y.  Hospital." 

So  convinced  was  he  of  the  truth  of  Dr.  Watson's 
conclusion  that  Dr.  Jacob  Harsen  in  1859  and  i860, 
by  agreement  with  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  created  two  trust  funds  the  income  from 
which  was  to  be  awarded  annually  as  prizes  to  the 
students  of  the  College  for  dissertations  on  the  ad- 
vantages of  the  clinical  instruction  afforded  in  the 
New  York  Hospital.  Thirty  years  later  Dr.  William 
H.  Van  Buren,  a  consulting  surgeon,  confirming 
Dr.  Watson's  estimate,  added:  "As  a  consequence 
of  this  liberal  policy,  the  New  York  Hospital  while 
accomplishing  its  purpose  of  affording  relief  to  the 
sick  poor  of  the  city  had  become  a  great  centre  of 
instruction  in  the  art  and  science  of  medicine.  It 
had  become  known  abroad  as  the  seat  of  original 
operations  and  solid  advances  in  medicine  and  sur- 
gery. ...  It  was  the  most  extensive  school  of 
practice  in  the  country."  And  in  1899  Dr.  D.  B. 
St.  John  Roosa,  a  former  interne,  and  then  Presi- 
dent of  the  New  York  Post-Graduate  Medical 
School,  paid  this  generous  tribute  to  his  hospital 
Alma  Mater: 

"The  New  York  Hospital  has  always  been  pre- 
eminently a  medical  school.  It  was  one  of  the 
first, — if  not  the  first  institution  in  our  country,  to 

[29] 


place  itself  open  for  clinical  instructions.  ...  It 
was  one  of  the  first  in  the  world  to  demonstrate 
thoroughly  the  fact  that  no  instruction  in  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine  and  surgery  is  worth  the  name  that 
is  not  clinical.  It  was  the  great  school  of  surgery 
of  the  whole  country  ...  A  halo  will  always  en- 
circle its  brow." 

In  more  recent  times,  with  the  greatly  enlarged 
educational  facilities  at  other  institutions  and  with 
the  changes  in  methods  of  instruction,  the  number 
of  students  at  the  New  York  Hospital  has  dimin- 
ished, but  in  all  of  its  medical  and  surgical  service 
the  work  still  continues,  and  one-half  of  those  ser- 
vices is  regularly  availed  of  by  the  students  of 
Cornell  University  Medical  College  under  the  gui- 
dance of  its  distinguished  medical  faculty. 

Second  in  importance  only  to  the  education  of  the 
doctors  has  been  the  training  of  nurses.  In  all 
departments  of  its  activity  the  Hospital  has  from 
the  beginning  felt  the  insistence  of  the  problem  of 
supplying  the  patients  with  adequate  nursing  ser- 
vice. As  early  as  1799  Dr.  Valentine  Seaman,  one 
of  the  surgeons  of  the  Hospital,  undertook  a  course 
of  lectures  and  practical  instruction  in  the  nursing 
care  of  maternity  cases.  This  was  probably  the 
first  attempt  in  America  to  educate  nurses.  In 
the  old  days  the  facilities  for  obtaining  nurses  of 

[30] 


z   - 

rt 

D    5 


<     o 


z 


any  kind  were  limited.  There  were  no  training- 
schools,  the  standards  of  nursing  were  not  high, 
and  the  work  did  not,  as  a  rule,  appeal  to  the  intelli- 
gent and  high-minded  of  either  sex.  The  Protes- 
tant sisters  in  Germany  and  the  Roman  Catholic 
nuns  in  France  were  the  pioneer  nurses  of  the  world, 
and  were  the  only  systematic  followers  of  that  call- 
ing until  Florence  Nightingale,  in  i860,  devised 
and  launched  the  modern  training-school  for  nurses. 
In  the  meantime  special  studies  of  the  subject  had 
been  made  by  the  Governors  in  1821,  in  1840,  and 
in  1849.  It  was  natural,  therefore,  that  when  in 
1873,  largely  through  the  efforts  of  several  philan- 
thropic women  of  the  city,  the  Health  Department 
decided  to  establish  The  Bellevue  Hospital  Train- 
ing School  for  Nurses,  the  New  York  Hospital  should 
have  encouraged  and  aided  that  enterprise.  In 
1877,  when  the  Hospital  took  possession  of  its  new 
buildings  in  15th  and  i6th  Streets,  it  determined 
to  found  its  own  training-school,  and  this,  the  sec- 
ond oldest  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  country, 
has  since  been  in  successful  operation.  To  date 
the  number  of  its  graduates  is  more  than  1,000, 
and  many  of  them  occupy  important  administra- 
tive and  teaching  positions  throughout  the  country. 
They  have  an  incorporated  alumnae  association, 
and  a  large  club  house  and  home  in  New  York 
City.    At  Bloomingdale  Hospital  a  separate  training- 

[31] 


school  for  registered  nurses  of  mental  cases  is  main- 
tained. 

This  earnest  normal  life  of  the  institution  in  the 
care  of  the  sick  and  in  the  education  of  doctors  and 
nurses,  has  from  time  to  time  been  intensified  by 
two  great  human  emergencies,  war  and  pestilence. 
As  we  have  seen,  circumstances  did  not  permit  of 
any  great  hospital  activity  in  the  Revolutionary 
War.  During  the  War  of  1812,  however,  the  Hos- 
pital had  some  soldiers  to  care  for,  and  through  the 
seamen's  service  which  had  been  established  by 
arrangement  with  the  Federal  Government  in  1798, 
and  which  for  many  years  was  maintained  in  a 
separate  department  and  building,  a  larger  number 
of  sick  and  wounded  sailors  was  treated. 

Two  good  deeds  of  our  then  enemy  shine  out 
from  the  Hospital's  relation  to  that  deplorable  and, 
as  so  many  of  our  ancestors  thought,  tragically  un- 
necessary conflict.  These  acts  reveal  a  chivalrous 
spirit  of  warfare  in  refreshing  contrast  to  some 
belligerent  methods  adopted  in  the  World  War. 
The  first  has  come  newly  to  light  through  the  recent 
discovery  in  the  archives  of  the  Hospital  of  the 
medical  journal  of  Dr.  James  Inderwick,  one  of  its 
House  Surgeons  in  18 12-13.  In  May,  181 3,  he 
entered  the  navy  as  surgeon  of  the  brig  of  war  Argus 
which  sailed  from  New  York  the  following  month  to 

[32] 


land  the  American  Minister  in  France,  and  then  to 
destroy  British  merchantmen  on  the  coast  of  Eng- 
land. She  had  startling  success  in  that  cruise,  but 
after  capturing  19  merchant  vessels  laden  with  valu- 
able cargoes,  was  in  her  turn  captured  August  14th 
after  a  hot  fight  with  the  larger  British  brig,  the 
Pelican.  Early  in  the  engagement  the  American 
commander.  Captain  Allen,  after  whom  Allen  Street 
in  this  city  is  named,  had  been  seriously  wounded. 
When  the  battle  was  over,  he  was  carried  ashore 
at  Plymouth  in  charge  of  Dr.  Inderwick.  There 
four  days  later  the  gallant  captain  died  and  after  a 
stately  funeral  procession  was  buried  in  St.  Andrew's 
churchyard  with  all  the  honors  of  war.  Eight  cap- 
tains of  the  British  navy  were  his  pall-bearers;  over 
the  coffin  was  draped  the  American  ensign,  and  on 
it  were  laid  his  hat  and  sword.  The  other  bright 
deed  had  a  more  peaceful  setting.  In  September  of 
that  same  year,  1813,  when  the  port  of  New  York 
was  blockaded  by  the  British  fleet,  the  Treasurer 
of  the  Society,  Thomas  Eddy,  foreseeing  that  the 
Hospital  could  not  be  operated  during  the  approach- 
ing winter  unless  an  adequate  supply  of  fuel  was  pro- 
cured, obtained,  through  the  British  Commissary- 
General  of  Prisoners,  a  license  signed  by  Admiral 
Cockburn,  for  the  entrance  into  the  harbor  of  a 
ship  from  Virginia  laden  with  coal  for  the  use  of 

[33] 


the  Hospital.  A  suitable  acknowledgment  of  the 
British  Admirars  humane  permission  was  made  by 
the  Governors  and  communicated  to  him. 

In  the  Mexican  War  a  few  returning  soldiers  were 
treated  in  the  Hospital,  but  with  the  outbreak  of 
the  Civil  War  the  activities  of  the  institution  in- 
creased greatly.  The  North  Building  was  set  apart 
for  the  exclusive  use  of  soldiers,  and  when  the  ca- 
pacity of  that  building  was  exceeded  in  1862,  the 
overflow  was  cared  for  in  the  general  wards  of  the 
main  building.  Several  patriotic  women  of  the 
city  served  devotedly  as  volunteer  nurses  during 
that  crowded  hospital  year.  In  all  about  three 
thousand  soldiers  were  treated  between  1861  and 
1865.  The  last  soldier  patient  was  discharged  on 
January  15,  1870. 

In  the  spring  of  1898,  when  it  became  apparent 
that  hospital  aid  would  be  needed  for  soldiers,  the 
Governors  offered  the  War  Department  to  receive 
at  our  several  institutions,  to  the  full  extent  of  their 
capacity  and  free  of  cost,  soldiers  requiring  medical 
and  surgical  care.  In  pursuance  of  this,  several 
hundred  patients  were  treated  between  July  26th 
and  December  31st,  1898.  Out  of  113  cases  of  ty- 
phoid fever,  99  recovered  and  14  died,  which,  under 
the  circumstances,  was  deemed  an  unusually  large 
percentage  of  recoveries.  Our  Directress  of  Nurses 
took  charge  of,  organized  and  maintained  the  Red 

[34} 


Cross  Hospital  nursing  service  at  Camp  Black, 
Long  Island,  and  41  graduates  of  our  Training-School 
served  in  the  various  posts  and  camp  hospitals, 
including  Cuba,  Porto  Rico  and  the  Philippines. 

Our  connection  with  the  World  War  began  early 
in  1916,  when  with  timely  foresight,  and  with  the 
sanction  of  the  Governors,  our  medical  staff  organ- 
ized on  paper  the  composition  of  a  Red  Cross  Base 
Hospital  Unit.  This  substantially  divided  the  Hos- 
pital personnel  into  two  equal  sections,  one  for  the 
Base  Hospital  when  needed,  and  one  for  the  mainte- 
nance of  our  Hospitals  in  New  York.  In  making 
this  division  and  in  carrying  it  out  when  war  came, 
the  finest  spirit  of  unselfish  and  patriotic  endeavor 
was  exhibited.  The  entire  medical  staff  wished  to 
go  abroad,  and  it  was  only  by  generous  adjustment 
that  the  efficient  maintenance  of  the  institutions 
here  was  made  possible.  This  hospital  unit  con- 
sisted of  23  medical  officers,  60  graduate  nurses,  and 
156  enlisted  men.  When  the  time  for  service  came 
in  July,  19 17,  it  was  successfully  mobilized  as 
planned,  and  sent  to  France.  There  it  maintained 
at  Chateauroux,  United  States  Base  Hospital  No.  9. 
The  original  number  of  patients  was  estimated  at 
500.  This  was  subsequently  increased  successively 
to  1,000,  1,500,  and  2,000,  and  then  2,100.  In  all, 
15,000  patients,  about  equally  divided  between  medi- 
cal and  surgical  cases,  were  cared  for.     Several  of 

[35] 


the  medical  officers  were  detached  from  the  Base 
Hospital  and  rendered  notable  special  service  else- 
where in  France  and  in  Belgium.  Several  other 
members  of  our  Medical  Board  were  assigned  by 
the  War  Department  to  important  positions  in  the 
United  States. 

At  all  our  home  institutions  the  Governors  offered 
the  War  and  Navy  Departments  the  same  aid  as  in 
the  Spanish  War,  and  this  resulted  in  a  varied  ser- 
vice. At  the  15th  and  i6th  Streets  Hospital  many 
young  Polish  women  were  trained  as  nursing  attend- 
ants for  Polish  soldiers  in  France,  Red  Cross  candi- 
dates received  short  nursing  courses,  enlisted  men  of 
the  United  States  Medical  Corps  were  trained  as 
orderlies,  assistant  surgeons  of  the  navy  were  stu- 
dents in  the  wards  and  laboratories,  and  members  of 
the  Medical  Reserve  Corps  were  instructed  in  the 
operation  of  the  X-ray  machine  and  the  interpre- 
tation of  X-ray  plates.  The  navy  being  in  need  of 
hospital  accommodation,  the  Governors  set  apart 
the  House  of  Relief  in  Hudson  Street  exclusively 
for  the  use  of  the  sailors.  During  the  period  from 
March,  191 8,  to  May,  1919,  824  sailors  were  treated 
there.  At  Bloomingdale  Hospital  53  members  of 
the  staff,  including  five  physicians,  the  Directress 
of  Nurses  and  fifteen  graduate  nurses  entered  the 
military  service  and  most  of  them  went  overseas. 
The  physicians  and  the  Directress  of  Nurses  ren- 

[36] 


dered  notable  service  in  France  and  two  of  the  en- 
listed men  were  killed  in  action.  Fifty  beds  in 
Bloomingdale  Hospital  were  offered  to  the  Surgeon- 
General  of  the  army  for  the  use  of  officers  suffering 
from  shell-shock  and  other  mental  disorders.  Pur- 
suant to  this,  91  officers  were  treated  and  a  large 
percentage  of  them  were  discharged  as  recovered  or 
greatly  improved.  With  the  concurrence  of  the 
Surgeon-General  various  instruction  was  given  at 
the  Hospital  to  war  workers  in  the  neuropsychiatric 
division  of  the  army  medical  service. 

When  pestilence,  too,  has  overtaken  the  city,  the 
Hospital  has  tried  to  meet  its  share  of  the  burden. 
From  1 79 1  to  1807  New  York  was  visited  thirteen 
times  by  yellow  fever  and  lost  nearly  a  tenth  of  its 
population.  The  Governors  agreed  to  receive  in  the 
Hospital  as  many  sufferers  from  this  disease  as  could 
be  cared  for  without  danger  to  the  other  patients. 
From  1794  until  1856  hardly  a  year  elapsed  when  the 
Hospital  was  free  from  typhus-fever  patients.  From 
1818  to  1828,  the  disease  was  epidemic.  When  it 
appeared  in  that  form  the  Governors  adopted  a 
resolution  that  on  this  and  every  similar  occasion 
they  would  gladly  co-operate  with  the  Board  of 
Health  by  receiving  fever  patients  to  the  limit  that 
the  accommodations  of  the  Hospital  would  permit. 
Following  this  policy  they  treated  in  the  Hospital 
an  average  of  about  300  typhus  patients  in  each  of 

[37] 


those  ten  years.  When  the  malignant  cholera  broke 
out  in  1832,  the  Governors  decided  that  the  safety 
of  their  other  patients  forbade  the  use  of  the  wards 
by  cholera  patients,  but  the  Hospital  co-operated 
with  the  Board  of  Health  in  providing  temporary 
cholera  hospitals  in  other  parts  of  the  city.  With 
the  flood  of  immigration  in  1847,  many  typhus  cases 
reached  the  country  and  the  disease  again  became 
epidemic  in  New  York.  The  Hospital  treated  that 
year  1,034  of  these  patients  in  its  newest  building. 
North  House,  which  had  been  set  aside  for  the  pur- 
pose, and  thanks  to  the  excellent  arrangements 
there  made  for  ventilation,  cleanliness  and  skilful 
nursing,  the  mortality  from  the  disease  in  that  build- 
ing was  smaller  than  recorded  in  any  other  similar 
establishment  in  the  country.  New  York  on  the 
whole  has  been  fortunate  in  escaping  epidemics, 
but  there  is  another  serious  one  to  record,  that  of 
infantile  paralysis  in  the  summer  and  autumn  of 
1916.  When  the  Department  of  Health  inquired  of 
each  of  the  local  hospitals  what  number  of  stricken 
children  it  could  house  and  treat,  the  Governors  of 
the  New  York  Hospital  decided,  as  they  had  in 
1832  when  cholera  was  epidemic,  that  they  could 
not  assume  the  risk  of  imperilling  the  occupants  of 
our  children's  wards  by  receiving  victims  of  this 
dread  aflSiction.     But  we  deemed  it  to  be  our  duty 

[38] 


to  care  for  as  many  children  as  possible  in  some 
appropriate  separate  building.  Trinity  Church  gen- 
erously offered  us  rent  free  a  vacant  schoolhouse 
for  the  purpose,  but  we  found  a  more  readily  adap- 
table structure  in  the  recently  vacated  home  of  the 
Orthopedic  Hospital  in  59th  Street,  and  that  by 
the  kindness  of  the  Trustees  of  the  institution  hav- 
ing been  placed  at  our  disposal,  we  fitted  it  up  in  a 
few  days  with  120  beds,  which  were  kept  filled  dur- 
ing several  sad  weeks.  No  one  who  saw  those  ap- 
pealing little  faces  can  forget  the  pathos  of  it  all 
and  the  longing  it  excited  to  prevent  a  recurrence 
of  such  a  tragedy.  Through  the  devoted  efforts  of 
the  physicians  and  bacteriologists  and  nurses  who 
volunteered  their  services,  much  was  done  to  alle- 
viate suffering  and  ward  off  death,  and  we  still 
hope  that  through  the  valuable  research  work  there 
conducted  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Edward  C. 
Rosenow  of  the  Mayo  Foundation,  some  knowledge 
of  the  incidence  and  course  of  the  disease  was  gained 
that  will  lessen  its  ravages  in  the  future. 

In  common  with  all  the  hospitals  we  were  called 
upon  in  the  last  four  months  of  19 18  to  care  for  the 
many  cases  of  influenza  in  a  specially  insidious  form. 
For  this  treatment  two  of  our  surgical  wards  were 
temporarily  converted  into  medical  wards,  and  560 
influenza  patients  were  treated  there,  of  whom  152 

[39] 


died.  Several  of  the  doctors  and  forty  of  the  nurses 
treating  these  cases  took  the  disease  themselves,  and 
one  of  the  nurses  died. 

Although  relatively  to  other  institutions  our 
hospital  performance  does  not  now  show  that  pre- 
eminence which  prevailed  in  the  i8th  and  19th  cen- 
turies, the  actual  quantity  and  variety  of  our  work 
were  never  so  great  as  they  are  at  the  present  time, 
nor,  we  are  glad  to  believe,  was  its  quality  ever 
higher.  As  we  have  seen,  one  department  of  the 
Society,  the  House  of  Relief,  at  Hudson  and  Jay 
Streets,  has  been  discontinued  and  the  building  has 
become  a  public  health  hospital.  But  in  all  other 
directions  the  Society  has  been  expanding.  In  ad- 
dition to  the  general  medical  and  surgical  divisions, 
and  the  department  of  mental  diseases,  at  White 
Plains,  the  Division  of  Laboratories,  the  Depart- 
ment of  Urology  on  the  recently  established  Brady 
Foundation,  the  Department  of  Radiology,  the 
Social  Service  Department,  under  the  guidance  of 
the  devoted  Ladies  Auxiliary,  the  various  Out- 
Patient  clinics,  and  the  inspiring  hospital  for  con- 
valescent children  at  White  Plains,  are  developing 
with  admirable  zeal  and  efficiency,  and  have  all 
outgrown  their  physical  accommodations. 

From  the  opening  of  the  Broadway  Hospital  in 
January,  1791,  until  the  ist  of  January,  1921,  the 
Society  treated  in  all  its   departments  a  total  of 

[40} 


is 
z 

z 


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z 

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z 

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2,oi5,ooo  patients.  From  1792  to  1856  it  received 
an  annual  grant  from  the  State,  ranging  from  about 
^5,000  to  $22,500,  but  since  the  latter  date  it  has 
depended  for  its  endowment  principally  upon  the 
fortunate  acquisition  of  its  Broadway  hospital  site, 
which  it  now  leases,  and  of  its  Bloomingdale  hospital 
site  on  Morningside  Heights  which  it  has  sold  and 
where  Columbia  University,  Barnard  College,  the 
National  Academy  of  Design,  St.  Luke's  Hospital, 
the  Woman's  Hospital,  and  the  Cathedral  of  St. 
John  the  Divine  now  stand.  Apart  from  the  gener- 
osity of  its  Governors  it  has  not  received  pecuniary 
aid  from  many  individuals.  But  after  150  years  it 
begins  to  feel  the  need  of  wider  support  if  it  is  to 
continue  to  expand  its  service  to  the  people  and  to 
the  cause  of  medical  education. 

As  one  of  its  chroniclers  has  said,  the  history  of 
the  New  York  Hospital  is,  in  a  sense,  the  history  of 
the  city  since  the  Revolution.  The  origin  of  the 
institution  had  so  lofty  a  purpose,  its  affairs  were 
administered  with  such  devotion,  the  personnel  of 
its  Board  of  Governors,  its  membership  and  its 
medical  staff,  was  so  representative  of  the  best  the 
city  contained,  that  the  Society  touched  the  com- 
munity closely.  Its  Attending  Physician  was  Presi- 
dent Washington's  medical  adviser  during  his  official 
residence  in  New  York;  another  Attending  Physi- 
cian and  one  of  its  Attending  Surgeons  ministered 

[41] 


in  1804  to  Alexander  Hamilton's  fatal  wound;  in 
1824,  while  visiting  New  York,  General  Lafayette 
became  our  guest  and  honorary  member;  in  1862 
the  surgeons  of  the  visiting  French  Fleet  were  enter- 
tained at  the  Hospital,  and  at  all  times  that  build- 
ing was  the  Mecca  of  the  medical  profession  through- 
out the  country.  The  Governors  have  really  gov- 
erned. Faithful  service  has  become  a  tradition  of 
the  Society.  Since  the  opening  of  the  Hospital  in 
1 79 1,  twelve  regular  monthly  meetings  of  the  Board 
have  been  held  each  year,  and  on  only  three  occa- 
sions has  a  quorum  been  lacking.  The  list  of  the 
Governors  contains  many  noted  names.  Among 
them  have  been  John  Jay,  the  first  Chief  Justice  of 
the  United  States  and  a  Governor  of  the  State, 
Robert  R.  Livingston,  the  first  Chancellor  of  the 
State,  and  James  Kent,  its  greatest  Chancellor, 
Richard  Varick,  Cadwallader  D.  Colden,  Philip 
Hone,  and  Abram  S.  Hewitt,  Mayors  of  the  city, 
Aaron  Burr,  afterward  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States,  Lindley  Murray,  John  Jacob  Astor,  and 
Joseph  H.  Choate. 

But  no  account  of  the  achievements  of  the  Hos- 
pital in  the  century  and  a  half  of  its  corporate  life 
could  be  complete  which  did  not  award  the  fullest 
recognition  to  the  devoted  band  of  physicians  and 
surgeons,  the  first  of  whom  by  their  commanding 
vision   and   influence   brought   the   institution  into 

[42] 


being,  and  who,  with  their  successors  during  the 
intervening  generations  down  to  the  present  time, 
have  made  its  great  accompHshments  possible.  An 
adequate  appraisal  of  the  work  of  those  brilliant 
practitioners  and  teachers  must  be  intrusted  to  a 
competent  hand,  and  will,  some  day,  we  may  hope, 
be  duly  executed.  But  the  admiration  and  grati- 
tude we  all  feel  for  the  noble  service  which  they 
have  gratuitously  rendered  for  the  relief  of  the  sick 
and  for  the  advancement  of  medical  education,  must 
not  remain  unexpressed  to-day.  They  have  in- 
cluded the  flower  of  the  American  medical  profes- 
sion, and  they  have  left  an  inefi^aceable  imprint  on 
the  development  of  the  art  of  medicine.  Their 
hall  of  fame  should  be  secure. 

While  we  are  celebrating  to-day  a  special  anni- 
versary, the  occasion  may  also  by  its  implication 
have  a  wider  significance.  In  his  address  here  in 
1769,  Dr.  Bard  seems  to  have  had  for  his  text  that 
famous  sentence  of  Cicero  in  his  oration  in  defense 
of  Ligarius,  which  the  doctor  in  substance  rendered, 
that  in  no  act  does  man  approach  so  near  to  the 
gods  as  when  he  is  restoring  the  sick  to  the  bless- 
ings of  health.  This  ideal  of  service  to  the  weak 
and  distressed  in  body  or  mind,  which  underlies 
all  our  hospitals,  must  still,  after  twenty  centuries, 
be  ranked  among  the  highest  of  human  aspirations. 

[43] 


In  its  exercise  it  is  thrice  blessed,  by  relieving  the 
recipient,  by  refining  the  ministrant,  and  by  enrich- 
ing the  community.  At  no  time  in  history  has 
there  seemed  to  be  more  acute  need  than  now  for 
the  application  of  that  same  habit  of  tender  benefi- 
cence in  the  affairs  of  each  community  and  of  the 
world  at  large,  to  diminish  suffering,  to  allay  strife 
and  to  perpetuate  peace.  Impelled  by  that  con- 
ception of  the  service  of  man  we  may  all  march  to- 
ward one  goal.  Surely  such  a  consummation,  to 
adopt  another  phrase  of  the  wise  founders  of  our 
institution,  is  "recommended  at  once  by  the  max- 
ims of  human  policy  and  the  precepts  of  divine 
truth." 


[44] 


A   LETTER   FROM   HIS   EXCELLENCY 

THE  RIGHT  HONORABLE  SIR 

AUCKLAND  CAMPBELL 

GEDDES,  K.C.B. 

BRITISH  AMBASSADOR  EXTRAORDINARY 
AND   PLENIPOTENTIARY 


The  Chairman:  As  the  charter  of  this  institution 
was  granted  by  King  George  III,  we  thought  it 
would  be  especially  gratifying  if  this  anniversary 
of  that  charter  were  attended  by  the  representative 
in  this  country  of  His  Majesty  King  George  V. 
That,  however,  was  not  to  be,  but  I  have  received 
from  Sir  Auckland  Geddes  this  afternoon  the  fol- 
lowing letter,  which  I  have  his  permission  to  read : 


British  Embassy 
Washington 
26th  October  1921. 
Dear  Mr.  Sheldon: 

It  had  been  my  hope  that  my  duties  in  Washing- 
ton would  have  permitted  me  to  be  with  you  to- 
day to  join  in  celebrating  the  150th  year  of  existence 
of  the  ancient  and  honourable  society  of  which  you 
are  President.  More  especially  would  it  have  been 
fitting  for  a  representative  of  Great  Britain  to  be 
present  since  your  Society  owes  its  foundation  in 
a  large  measure  to  the  efforts  of  Englishmen  in 
colonial  days.  Our  two  nations  rightly  take  plea- 
sure in  commemorating  the  common  efforts  and 
sacrifices  made  by  them  in  the  great  war  but  you 
to-day  commemorate  such  efforts  made  in  the 
interests  of  humanity  in  the  healing  of  the  sick  and 
in  the  advancement  of  medical  science.  Official 
business  does  not,  unfortunately,  permit  me  to  make 
the  journey  to  New  York  but  I  should  be  grateful 
if  you  would  convey  to  the  members  my  cordial 
wishes  for  the  success  of  the  exercises  and  for  the 
continuance  of  the  good  work  which  the  Society 
has  carried  out  in  New  York  for  so  many  years. 

I  am, 
Yours  sincerely, 

A.  C.  Geddes. 

Mr.  Edward  W.  Sheldon,  President, 
Society  of  the  New  York  Hospital, 
New  York. 


ADDRESS       BY 

THE    HONORABLE    NATHAN    L.    MILLER 

GOVERNOR     OF     THE     STATE      OF     NEW    YORK 


The  Chairman :  In  the  closing  years  of  the  Eight- 
eenth Century  the  State  of  New  York  was  guided 
by  a  great  Governor,  who  had  previously  been  a 
great  judge.  This  year  brings  us  a  repetition  of 
that  rare  and  fortunate  combination  at  Albany. 
The  first  incumbent  of  the  office  so  richly  endowed 
was  John  Jay,  who  was  also  a  life  member  and  a 
Governor  of  the  New  York  Hospital.  To  complete 
the  parallel,  we  may  ask  the  privilege  of  making 
Governor  Miller  an  honorary  member  of  our  So- 
ciety. Notwithstanding  the  relentless  pressure  of 
his  official  duties,  he  has  generously  come  to  share 
in  our  celebration,  because,  I  venture  to  think,  he 
recognizes  that  the  New  York  Hospital  is  a  true 
child  of  the  State,  which  during  all  these  years  has 
been  playing  a  small,  perhaps,  but  earnest  and  con- 
structive part  in  a  vital  government  function,  to 
which  he  himself  has  devoted  already  his  great 
ability.     We  welcome  him  gratefully. 


I  should  esteem  it  a  very  great  privilege  to  be- 
come an  honorary  member  of  the  Society  of  the 
New  York  Hospital. 

One  hundred  and  fifty  years  of  high  social  service, 
dating  back  to  Colonial  days,  are  certainly  worthy 
of  this  impressive  celebration.  The  healing  of  the 
sick,  the  education  of  doctors,  the  training  of  nurses, 
the  removal  of  the  handicaps  to  the  normal  and 
healthy  development  of  children,  are  works  not  of 
charity,  but,  as  Bishop  Manning  has  reminded  us, 
of  the  highest  Christian  duty,  and  of  the  very  great- 
est social  value.  A  pioneer  in  this  field  in  this 
State,  the  work  of  the  Society  of  the  New  York 
Hospital  has  expanded  with  the  development  of 
medical  science  and  with  the  growth  of  the  social 
spirit  incident  to  our  humanitarian  age.  It  is  im- 
possible to  delimit  the  sphere  of  influence  of  such 
work  or  to  estimate  its  value  to  the  community 
and  to  the  State,  and  whilst  I  cannot  translate  into 
words  the  full  meaning  of  such  service,  it  is  a  privi- 
lege upon  this  occasion  to  join  in  some  feeble  ex- 
pression of  appreciation  of  the  benign  purpose  and 
of  the  beneficent  accomplishment  of  the  great  ser- 
vice which  has  been  rendered  by  this  Society  to 
humanity. 

[SI] 


In  looking  over  your  last  annual  report  and  in 
noting  the  work  that  you  were  doing,  I  was  particu- 
larly impressed  by  the  results  of  two  branches  of 
your  activities,  the  treatment  of  children  and  the 
treatment  of  mental  disease.  The  number  of  pa- 
tients reported  discharged  as  cured  or  greatly  im- 
proved in  comparison  with  the  number  treated, 
was  certainly  very  impressive,  and  exphasized  the 
importance  of  early  and  preventive  measures.  Edu- 
cation has  been  regarded  as  the  function  of  the  State 
because  the  State  rests  upon  its  citizenship;  but  we 
have  been  too  prone  in  the  past,  I  think,  to  concen- 
trate upon  the  development  of  mental  faculties,  too 
unmindful  of  the  fact  that  the  habitation  of  a 
healthy  and  normal  mind  must  be  a  healthy  and 
normal  body.  Work  such  as  your  Society  is  doing 
in  the  care  and  treatment  of  children,  and  especially 
of  very  young  children,  is  serving  to  call  our  atten- 
tion to  the  necessity  of  that  work  and  to  teach  us 
that  children  have  bodies  as  well  as  minds,  and  that 
the  two  are  interdependent. 

We  have  in  this  State  great  institutional  problems 
to  deal  with:  the  care  of  the  insane,  the  treatment 
of  men  convicted  of  crime,  the  care  of  the  mentally 
deficient,  the  management  of  our  reformatory  and 
correctional  institutions;  and  I  have  become  satis- 
fied that  the  time  to  solve  those  great  problems  is 
before  they  arise,  and  that  the  place  to  solve  them  is 

[52] 


O 
> 

z 

Z 

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O 
Z 


o 
o 

CQ 


the  school  and  the  home.  Preventive  measures  are 
much  more  certain  than  reformation.  We  are  just 
awaking  to  the  necessity  of  applying  the  discoveries 
of  science  to  the  proper  and  normal  development 
of  children.  We  are  doing  much  in  that  line  now 
in  the  public  schools,  but  that  work  must  precede 
the  public  schools;  and  for  the  most  part  it  is  now 
being  done  by  voluntary  social  workers  such  as 
societies  like  yours  provide. 

I  believe  that  the  time  has  come  when  the  State 
itself  must  take  a  more  active  and  intensive  interest 
in  such  work,  for  whilst  I  would  not  have  the  inter- 
vention of  the  State  interfere  in  the  slightest  with 
the  splendid  work  which  is  now  being  done  by  peo- 
ple imbued  with  the  call  to  render  social  service,  the 
State  can  do  much  in  the  way  of  correlating  and 
systematizing  effort,  and  I  think  the  time  has  come 
when  it  must  take  a  more  direct,  a  more  intensive, 
a  more  energetic  interest,  if  you  please,  in  the  physi- 
cal and  moral  as  well  as  the  mental  welfare  and  de- 
velopment of  our  boys  and  girls. 

Your  Society,  in  the  work  which  it  is  doing,  is 
showing  us  the  way  in  this  field,  and  the  results 
which  you  have  accomplished,  as  shown  by  your 
report,  are  truly  significant  of  what  may  be  done 
in  providing  for  the  future  citizenship  of  the 
State. 

Of  course,  the  other  field  of  effort  to  which  I 

[53] 


have  referred  was  particularly  interesting  to  me, 
because  the  care  and  treatment  of  the  insane  con- 
stitute one  of  the  big  problems  of  the  State,  and  it 
is  very  notable,  as  Mr.  Sheldon  has  said,  that  you 
were  also  a  pioneer  in  that  field,  and  that  your  work 
there  dates  back  a  century. 

The  State  is  indeed  interested  in  that  branch  of 
your  work,  and  I  believe  for  the  first  half-century 
of  it  the  State  made  some  small,  but  annual,  contri- 
butions. 

Again  you  are  teaching  us  the  way,  for,  like  the 
other  problems,  I  believe  the  State's  work  in  respect 
of  that  has  been  too  one-sided,  too  much  centred 
on  custodial  care,  with  respect  to  which  I  think  the 
State  institutions  will  favorably  compare  with  any. 
But,  we  are  only  just  beginning,  I  think,  to  be 
aroused  to  the  necessity  of  curative  treatment;  and 
again  our  attention  to  that  phase  of  the  subject  is 
being  arrested  by  work  which  is  being  done  of  the 
kind  pursued  by  your  Society. 

You  are  emphasizing  and  you  are  showing  what 
can  be  done  by  the  intensive  application  of  occupa- 
tional therapy,  and  no  one  can  visit  the  wards  of 
our  great  State  hospitals  and  observe  ranged  about 
those  wards  the  unfortunate  patients  in  dejected 
idleness,  without  coming  to  the  conclusion  that  it  is 
important  that  there  should  be  something  to  oc- 
cupy those  hands  and  minds,  and  it  does  not  require 

[54} 


the  knowledge  of  a  medical  man  to  conclude  that 
with  the  right  sort  of  treatment  there  are,  doubt- 
less, many  inmates  of  those  institutions  who  could 
just  as  well  be  leading  useful  and  certainly  much 
happier  lives  outside  of  those  institutions.  And  the 
State  must  learn,  as  I  have  said,  from  what  insti- 
tutions like  yours  are  doing,  to  devote  itself  more 
intensively  to  that  side  of  the  great  problem  with 
which  it  has  to  deal. 

Statistics  are  misleading,  and  whilst  the  number 
of  patients  which  you  discharged  from  Blooming- 
dale  as  cured  or  greatly  improved,  in  proportion  to 
the  number  of  patients,  would  contrast  very  favor- 
ably to  the  experience  in  the  State  hospitals — un- 
favorably indeed  to  the  State  hospital — I  suppose 
the  fact  is  that  you  receive  those  patients  at  earlier 
stages  of  the  disease,  and  that  while  you  have  the 
same  types  to  deal  with,  the  class  which  you  in 
the  main  have  to  treat,  yield  more  readily  to  treat- 
ment, but  the  experience  which  I  judge  you  have 
had,  from  your  records — and  I  hope  personally, 
when  the  opportunity  presents  itself  to  visit  the 
institution — ^would  seem  to  have  demonstrated  the 
great  curative  value  of  what  we  call  occupational 
therapy,  and  I  trust  that  the  State  will  more  inten- 
sively undertake  now,  profiting  from  what  you  have 
taught,  to  apply  those  methods  in  the  effort  to  bring 
the  curative  side  of  the  problem  of  treating  the  in- 

[55] 


sane  up  to  the  high  standard  which  the  mere  cus- 
todial care  has  now  reached. 

In  the  general  field  of  your  work  it  is  true,  as  Mr. 
Sheldon  has  said,  that  you  now  have  many  co- 
workers. But,  there  must  be  no  abatement  of  the 
splendid  work  you  are  doing,  and  I  trust  that  there 
will  be  no  diminution  in  the  generous  benefactions 
of  the  public-spirited  citizens  which  make  that  work 
possible. 


[56] 


ADDRESS       BY 

THE    HONORABLE    ELIHU    ROOT 


The  Chairman:  With  all  her  material  wealth  and 
resources  the  City  of  New  York  has  no  more  valua- 
ble civic  asset  than  the  numerous  group  of  high- 
minded  men  and  women  who  devote  their  intelli- 
gence and  strength  unremittingly  to  making  the 
world  a  better  place  for  other  people  to  live  in.  Mr. 
Root,  who  has  served  the  State,  the  nation,  and  the 
world  in  so  many  paths  of  historic  distinction,  has 
always  cheerfully  enlisted  his  surpassing  ability  and 
unquenchable  spirit  in  this  less  conspicuous  but  no 
less  fruitful  cause  of  organized  charitable  effort.  In 
that  field  as  in  all  others  he  has  been  a  supreme 
leader,  and  after  having  striven  there  so  long  for  the 
highest  development  of  the  humane  agencies  of 
peace,  is  now  about  to  take  part  in  a  momentous 
conference  to  diminish  the  destructive  agencies  of 
war.  Indeed,  at  our  earnest  wish,  he  has  paused  on 
the  very  threshold  of  his  new  task,  and,  I  fear,  at 
some  personal  sacrifice,  to  greet  us  here.  We  are 
keenly  appreciative  of  this,  and  as  he  and  his  asso- 
ciates dedicate  themselves  to  that  stupendous  prob- 
lem, we  feel  sure  that  the  prayer  of  the  world  for 
a  permanent  solution  follows  them. 


I  should  think  it  most  unfortunate  for  any  one, 
long  a  resident  of  this  city,  to  receive  with  indiffer- 
ence an  invitation  to  take  part  in  this  celebration. 
It  is  pleasant  to  recall  the  suffering  alleviated,  the 
lives  prolonged,  the  misery  prevented  in  the  century 
and  a  half's  history  of  this  institution.  It  is  inspir- 
ing to  learn  of  its  contributions  to  medical  and  surgi- 
cal science,  to  the  art  of  preventing  and  curing 
disease,  and  it  is  most  encouraging  to  think  of  the 
vast  number  of  institutions  similar  in  general  pur- 
pose which  have  grown  up  during  the  one  hundred 
and  fifty  years  existence  of  the  New  York  Hospital, 
responding  to  the  same  impulse  of  civic  spirit  and 
humane  feeling.  Her  great  example  to  those  early 
institutions  has  inspired  many  others,  and  how  cer- 
tain it  is  that  under  their  influence  this  city  has 
come  to  possess  an  impulse  for  all  humane  and  noble 
endeavor,  which  makes  it  the  Mecca  of  every  one 
throughout  the  world  who  seeks  aid  in  religion,  in 
education,  who  has  a  desire  to  benefit  man  in  what- 
ever phase  of  human  existence  it  may  be;  which 
makes  all  pilgrims  sure  of  a  response  from  the  gen- 
erous soul  of  the  citizenship  of  this  city. 

And  yet,  this  celebration  appeals  to  me  in  a  more 
personal  way  from   another  side.     The   men   who 

[59] 


originated  and  have  maintained  the  New  York 
Hospital  have  had  civic  pride  and  the  most  gener- 
ous of  hearts.  I,  myself,  have  known  in  close 
friendship  many  of  the  men  who  were  long  ago 
giving  their  time  and  their  labor  and  their  enthu- 
siasm and  their  loyalty  to  this  institution.  There 
are  but  few,  I  fear,  who  remember  them  now;  but 
it  seems  to  me  that  in  this  celebration  that  I  am 
taking  part  in,  I  am  saying  something  in  honor  of 
Cornelius  Bliss,  and  Lewis  Stimson,  and  the  others 
who  gave  so  much  of  their  lives  in  this  work.  Their 
names  will  not  be  long  remembered;  their  predeces- 
sors' names  are  already  forgotten.  But,  what 
matters  that  f  They  have  built  their  lives  into 
this  institution.  Their  spirits  live  in  the  spirit  of 
this  institution,  and  make  it  always  strong,  whole- 
some and  effective.  There  is  no  human  fame  that 
endures  for  very  long.  What  if  their  names  are 
forgotten .?  They  are  here,  they  live  here,  their 
influence  continues  here,  and  the  things  that  they 
have  done  still  live  in  this  institution,  and  in  a  few 
other  institutions  of  a  similar  spirit. 

But,  I  think  there  is  something  besides  the  cur- 
ing of  disease,  the  advancement  of  science,  the  search 
for  knowledge;  something  that  is  broader  than  that, 
broader  than  any  of  these.  All  the  terrible  lessons 
of  the  last  decade  show  clearly  that  the  most  insuper- 
able obstacle  to  the  peace  and  happiness  and  prog- 

[60} 


ress  and  growth  of  a  people  is  their  incapacity  to 
receive  the  blessings  that  are  ready  for  them,  if 
they  will  but  take  them.  The  world  is  full  of  hatred 
and  strife  and  murder  to-day  because  of  the  inca- 
pacity of  millions  of  people  in  organized  states  to 
receive  the  truth  that  is  being  spread  and  has  spread 
throughout  our  higher  forms  of  civilization  and 
which  is  to  be  theirs  in  centuries  to  come,  but  they 
are  not  ready  for  it  now. 

This  is  not  a  matter  of  intellectual  power.  It 
is  not  a  matter  of  learning.  It  is  not  a  matter  of 
precept.  It  is  a  matter  of  the  development  of  char- 
acter. All  the  sermons  ever  preached,  all  the  ora- 
tions ever  delivered,  all  the  books  ever  printed, 
working  through  the  brain  of  man,  cannot  create 
in  him  the  highest  qualities  that  man  is  capable  of. 
The  development  of  character  must  come  through 
exercise  by  men  themselves  of  the  virtues  that  make 
human  character — mercy,  compassion,  kindly  con- 
sideration, brotherly  affection,  sympathy  with  fel- 
low men,  unselfish  willingness  to  sacrifice  for  others. 

The  exercise  among  the  people  of  those  qualities 
is  the  essential  and  the  only  way  by  which  the  char- 
acter of  a  people  may  be  developed  so  that  they 
may  become  truly  civilized  and  truly  Christian. 
Mere  expression — mere  fine  talk,  the  mere  use  of 
rhetoric,  the  mere  enthusiasm  of  the  moment  in 
response  to  noble  sentiments,  is  nothing  and  goes 

[61} 


for  naught  and  is  demoralizing  in  its  effect  if  it  is 
not  followed  by  action.  It  is  the  exercise  of  quali- 
ties with  sacrifice  and  labor  which  is  essential  to  the 
making  of  good  character. 

Now,  this  beloved  country  of  ours,  with  all  its 
business,  its  great  manufactories,  its  commerce,  its 
machinery,  its  sky-scrapers,  with  all  its  courage  and 
initiative  and  enthusiasm — this  great  people  would 
long  since  have  lost  its  own  soul  if  it  had  not  been  for 
the  men  like  those  who  built  this  institution,  and 
who  have  been  engaged  here  and  elsewhere  all 
over  the  land,  in  leading  the  way,  furnishing  the 
example  of  self-sacrifice,  furnishing  the  examples 
of  compassion  and  brotherly  love. 

In  this  country  we  depend  upon  individual  enter- 
prise for  our  motive  power;  we  must  depend  upon 
that,  never  lying  down  upon  the  Government  to 
furnish  it — appealing  to  the  Government  for  regula- 
tion and  for  such  help  as  the  law  can  give  and  as 
regulative  administration  can  give  to  assist,  but 
never  lying  down  upon  the  Government — in  this 
country  we  depend  for  our  very  life's  bread  upon 
the  free  and  independent  enterprise  of  our  people; 
and  such  men  as  made  this  institution,  working  all 
over  the  land,  have  saved  the  soul  of  America  by 
the  exercise  among  her  people  of  mercy,  compassion, 
charity  and  brotherly  love,  and  all  that  makes  for 
the  betterment  of  the  human  race  and  for  the  no- 

[62] 


bility  of  mankind.  And  so  we  celebrate  to-day  with 
a  feeling  of  happy  congratulation  that  we,  through 
associating  ourselves  with  their  work,  have  become 
members  in  that  noble  and  most  useful  company. 


[63] 


HYMN 

O  God,  our  help  in  ages  past, 
Our  hope  for  years  to  come, 

Our  shelter  from  the  stormy  blast 
And  our  eternal  home. 

Under  the  shadow  of  Thy  Throne 
Thy  saints  have  dwelt  secure; 

Sufficient  is  Thine  arm  alone, 
And  our  defense  is  sure. 

Before  the  hills  in  order  stood, 
Or  earth  received  her  frame, 

From  everlasting  Thou  art  God, 
To  endless  years  the  same. 

A  thousand  ages  in  thy  sight 
Are  like  an  evening  gone; 

Short  as  the  watch  that  ends  the  night 
Before  the  rising  sun. 

BENEDICTION 


APPENDICES 


APPENDIX    I 

THE    CHARTER 

George  the  Third,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  of 

Great  Britain,  France,  and  Ireland,  King, 

Defender  of  the  Faith,  and  so  forth. 

To  all  to  whom  these  presents  shall  come.  Greeting: 

Whereas  our  loving  subjects,  Peter  Middleton, 
John  Jones,  and  Samuel  Bard,  of  our  city  of  New 
York,  physicians,  by  their  humble  petition  presented 
unto  our  trusty  and  well-beloved  Cadwallader 
Golden,  Esq.,  our  Lieutenant-Governor,  and  then 
our  commander-in-chief  of  our  province  of  New 
York,  and  the  territories  depending  thereon  in 
America,  and  read  in  our  council  for  our  said  prov- 
ince, on  the  ninth  day  of  March,  which  was  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord,  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and 
seventy,  did,  among  other  things  in  substance,  set 
forth,  that  there  had  been  a  subscription  set  on  foot 
by  them,  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  public  Hos- 
pital in  our  said  city  of  New  York,  and  that  sundry 
public-spirited  persons,  influenced  by  principles  of 
benevolence,  had  liberally  subscribed  toward  the 
same;  that  from  the  manifest  utility  of  such  an  in- 
firmary, the  petitioners  hoped  for  further  contribu- 

[69] 


tions,  and  that  some  very  considerable  donations 
had  been  then  already  promised,  in  case  the  success 
of  the  institution  should  be  rendered  probable;  but 
that  the  said  moneys  could  not  be  conveniently 
collected,  or  the  design  prosecuted  with  vigor,  unless 
a  corporation  should  be  formed  for  that  purpose; 
and  therefore  the  petitioners  humbly  prayed  our 
Letters  Patent  forming  a  corporation  for  the  purposes 
aforesaid;  now,  we,  taking  into  our  royal  considera- 
tion the  beneficial  tendency  of  such  an  institution 
within  our  said  city,  calculated  for  relieving  the 
diseases  of  the  indigent,  and  preserving  the  lives  of 
many  useful  members  of  the  community,  are  gra- 
ciously pleased  to  grant  the  said  humble  request  of 
our  said  loving  subjects;  know  ye  therefore,  that 
we,  of  our  special  grace,  certain  knowledge  and 
mere  motion,  have  willed,  given,  granted,  ordained, 
constituted  and  appointed,  and  by  these  presents, 
for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  do  will,  give,  grant, 
ordain,  constitute  and  appoint,  that  the  Mayor, 
Recorder,  Aldermen  and  Assistants  of  our  city  of 
New  York,  in  America,  now  and  for  the  time  being; 
the  Rector  of  Trinity  Church  in  our  said  city,  now 
and  for  the  time  being;  the  President  of  King's 
College  in  our  said  city,  now  and  for  the  time  being; 
the  Senior  Minister  of  the  Reformed  Protestant 
Dutch  Church  in  our  said  city,  now  and  for  the  time 
being;  the  Minister  of  the  Ancient  Lutheran  Church 

[70} 


in  our  said  city,  now  and  for  the  time  being;  the 
minister  of  the  French  Church  in  our  said  city,  now 
and  for  the  time  being;  the  Senior  Minister  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  our  said  city,  now  and  for 
the  time  being;  the  Minister  of  the  Moravian  Church 
in  our  said  city,  now  and  for  the  time  being;  the 
Minister  of  the  German  Reformed  Calvinist  Church 
in  our  said  city,  now  and  for  the  time  being;  the 
Minister  of  the  New  Lutheran  Church  in  our  said 
city,  now  and  for  the  time  being;  the  Minister  of 
the  Anabaptist  Congregation  in  our  said  city,  now 
and  for  the  time  being;  the  Minister  of  the  Scotch 
Presbyterian  Church  in  our  said  city,  now  and  for 
the  time  being;  and  Sir  WilHam  Johnson,  Baronet, 
John  Fothergill,  of  our  city  of  London,  in  our  king- 
dom of  Great  Britain,  physician;  Daniel  Horsman- 
den,  John  Watts,  OHver  De  Lancey,  Charles  Ward 
Apthorp,  Roger  Morris,  William  Smith,  Hugh 
Wallace,  Henry  White,  Robert  R.  Livingston,  An- 
drew Elliot,  Archibald  Kennedy,  Abraham  Mortier, 
Philip  Livingston,  Wm.  Axtel,  James  Duane,  John 
Morin  Scott,  Leonard  Lispenard,  Simon  Johnson, 
Thos.  Smith,  William  Bayard,  Walter  Rutherford, 
Alexander  Colden,  John  Van  Cortland,  Augustus 
Van  Cortland,  William  Livingston,  Abraham  Misier, 
Richard  Morris,  John  Bogert  and  John  Moore,  all 
of  our  said  city  of  New  York,  esquires;  Abraham  Lott, 
esquire,  treasurer  of  our  said  province;  Peter  Van- 

[71] 


Brugh  Livingston,  David  Clarkson,  Walter  Frank- 
lin, Gerardus  William  Beekman,  William  McAdam, 
George  Bowne,  Nathaniel  Marston,  Lawrence  Kort- 
right,  George  Folliott,  David  Provoost,  Cornelius 
Clopper,  John  Myer,  David  Van  Home,  Thomas 
White,  Charles  McEvers,  Isaac  Low,  John  Beekman, 
Richard  Sharp,  Thomas  Pearsall,  Joshua  Delaplane, 
Samuel  Bowne,  Isaac  Sears,  Samuel  Broome,  John 
Thurman,  Jacob  Watson,  Lewis  Pintard,  Gerardus 
Duyckinck,  James  Beekman,  Peter  Goelet,  William 
Ludlow,  Nicholas  Stuy^esant,  John  Harris  Cruger, 
John  Weatherhead,  Theophilact  Bache,  Samuel  Ver- 
planck,  John  Crook,  Grove  Bend,  John  Alsop,  Caspar 
Wistar,  Isaac  Roosevelt,  Evert  Bancker,  Gerardus 
De  Peyster,  Henry  Rutgers  the  younger,  Henry 
Haydock,  Gabriel  H.  Ludlow,  Isaac  Corsa,  Thomas 
Buchanan,  Andrew  Barclay,  John  Livingston,  Au- 
gustus Van  Home,  Joseph  Hallett,  Peter  Kettletas, 
Jacob  Le  Roy,  and  Abraham  Duryee,  all  of  our  said 
city  of  New  York,  merchants;  William  Brownejohn, 
of  our  said  city  of  New  York,  druggist;  John  Leake, 
of  our  said  city  of  New  York,  mariner;  George  Harri- 
son, of  our  said  city  of  New  York,  brewer;  Walter 
Dubois,  and  Nicholas  Jones,  both  of  our  said  city 
of  New  York,  gentlemen;  and  Francis  Bassett,  of 
our  said  city  of  New  York,  pewterer;  and  such  other 
persons  as  shall  be  elected  and  admitted  hereafter 
members  of  the  corporation  hereby  erected,  be,  and 

[72] 


forever  hereafter  shall  be,  by  virtue  of  these  presents, 
one  body  corporate  and  politic,  in  deed,  fact  and 
name,  by  the  name,  style  and  title  of  [*"The  So- 
ciety of  the  Hospital  in  the  city  of  New  York  in 
America,"]  and  them  and  their  successors  and  by 
the  same  name,  we  do  by  these  presents,  really 
and  fully  make,  erect,  create,  constitute  and  de- 
clare one  body  politic  and  corporate,  in  deed,  fact, 
and  name,  for  ever:  and  will  give,  grant  and  ordain 
that  they  and  their  successors,  the  Society  of  the 
Hospital  in  the  city  of  New  York  in  America,  by 
the  same  name,  shall  and  may  have  perpetual  suc- 
cession; and  shall  and  may,  by  the  same  name,  be 
persons  capable  in  the  law  to  sue  and  be  sued,  im- 
plead and  be  impleaded,  answer  and  be  answered 
unto,  defend  and  be  defended  in  all  courts,  and  else- 
where, in  all  manner  of  actions,  suits,  complaints, 
pleas,  causes,  matters,  and  demands  whatsoever,  as 
fully  and  amply  as  any  other  our  liege  subjects  of 
our  said  province  of  New  York,  may  or  can  sue  or 
be  sued,  implead  or  be  impleaded,  defend  or  be 
defended  by  any  lawful  ways  or  means  whatsoever. 
And,  that  they  and  their  successors,  by  the  same 
name,  shall  forever  hereafter  be  persons  capable 
and  able  in  the  law  to  purchase,  take,  hold,  receive 
and  enjoy  to  them  and  their  successors,  any  mes- 

*  Changed  by  Laws  of  i8io,  chapter  44,  §  i,  to  "The  Society  of 
the  New  York  Hospital." 

[73] 


suages,  tenements,  houses  and  real  estate  whatso- 
ever, and  all  other  hereditaments  of  whatsoever  na- 
ture, kind  and  quality  they  be,  in  fee  simple,  for  a 
term  of  life  or  lives,  or  in  any  other  manner  howso- 
ever. And,  also  any  goods,  chattels  and  personal 
estate  whatsoever.  [*  Provided  always,  the  clear 
yearly  value  of  the  said  real  estate  doth  not  at  any 
time  exceed  the  sum  of  five  thousand  pounds  sterling, 
lawful  money  of  our  kingdom  of  Great  Britain,  above 
all  outgoings  and  reprises.]  And,  that  they  and 
their  successors,  by  the  same  name,  shall  have  full 
power  and  authority  to  give,  grant,  sell,  lease,  de- 
mise and  dispose  of  the  same  real  estate  and  heredita- 
ments whatsoever,  for  life  or  lives,  or  years,  or  for 
ever.  And  also  all  goods,  chattels  and  personal 
estate  whatsoever,  at  their  will  and  pleasure,  as 
they  shall  judge  to  be  most  beneficial  and  advan- 
tageous to  the  good  and  charitable  ends  and  pur- 
poses above  mentioned;  and,  that  it  shall  and  may 
be  lawful  for  them  and  their  successors,  for  ever 
hereafter,  to  have  a  common  seal  to  serve  for  the 
causes  and  business  of  them  and  their  successors, 
and  the  same  seal  to  change,  alter,  break  and  make 
new,  from  time  to  time,  at  their  will  and  pleasure. 
And  our  royal  will  and  pleasure  is,  that  when  our 
said  corporation  hereby  erected,  shall  have  acquired 

*  Amended  by  Laws  of  1879,  chapter  244,  §  i.     Also  Laws  of  1890, 
chapter  553,  §§  i  and  2. 

[74] 


by  the  aid  of  the  Legislature  of  our  said  province 
of  New  York,  by  the  generous  donations  of  the  be- 
nevolent, or  otherwise,  a  proper  and  convenient 
piece  of  ground  in  and  near  our  said  city  of  New 
York,  and  funds  sufficient,  without  injuring  the  said 
charity,  to  admit  of  the  erecting  an  Hospital  for 
the  reception  and  relief  of  sick  and  diseased  persons, 
that  the  said  society  do  erect  within  our  said  city 
of  New  York,  an  Hospital  for  the  said  purposes; 
which  we  will  shall  for  ever  hereafter  be  called  by 
the  name  of,  "The  New  York  Hospital."  And 
that  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  our  said  corpora- 
tion, from  time  to  time,  and  at  all  times  hereafter, 
to  erect  for  their  use  and  convenience,  any  other 
house,  houses  or  buildings  whatever.  And,  for  the 
better  carrying  into  execution  the  purposes  afore- 
said, our  royal  will  and  pleasure  is,  and  we  do  hereby 
for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  give  and  grant,  to 
The  Society  of  the  Hospital  in  the  city  of  New  York 
in  America,  and  their  successors  for  ever,  that  there 
shall  be  for  ever  hereafter  belonging  to  our  said 
corporation,  twenty-six  Governors  of  the  said  Hos- 
pital and  corporation,  of  whom  there  shall  be  taken 
and  had  one  President,  and  one  Vice-President,  and 
who  shall  conduct  and  manage  the  affairs  and  busi- 
ness of  the  said  Hospital  and  corporation,  in  manner 
as  hereafter  is  declared  and  appointed.  And  also, 
that  there  shall  be  for  ever  hereafter,  one  or  more 

[75] 


Treasurer  or  Treasurers,  and  one  Secretary,  belong- 
ing to  our  said  corporation.  And  for  the  more 
immediate  carrying  into  execution  our  royal  will 
and  pleasure  herein,  we  do  hereby  assign,  constitute 
and  appoint  the  aforesaid  John  Watts,  Oliver  De 
Lancey,  Charles  Ward  Apthorp,  Roger  Morris, 
William  Smith,  Hugh  Wallace,  Henry  White,  Rob- 
ert R.  Livingston,  Whitehead  Hicks,  mayor  of  our 
said  city  of  New  York,  Andrew  Elliot,  Archibald 
Kennedy,  Peter  Van  Brugh  Livingston,  David  Clark- 
son,  Abraham  Mortier,  Abraham  Lott,  Walter 
Franklin,  Leonard  Lispenard,  Gerardus  William 
Beekman,  Philip  Livingston,  William  McAdam, 
George  Bowne,  William  Axtell,  Dr.  John  Fothergill, 
Nathaniel  Marston,  Lawrence  Kortright,  and  George 
Folliott,  to  be  the  present  Governors  of  the  said 
Hospital  and  corporation;  the  aforesaid  John  Watts, 
to  be  the  present  President;  and  the  aforesaid  An- 
drew Elliot,  to  be  the  present  Vice-President;  the 
aforesaid  Peter  Van  Brugh  Livingston,  to  be  the 
present  Treasurer;  and  the  aforesaid  John  Moore, 
to  be  the  present  Secretary  of  our  corporation  hereby 
erected.  Which  said  Governors,  President,  Vice- 
President,  Treasurer,  and  Secretary,  shall  hold, 
possess  and  enjoy  their  said  respective  offices  until 
the  third  Tuesday  in  May  now  next  ensuing.     [*  And, 

*  By  Laws  of  1810,  chapter  44,  §  i,  the  Governors  elect  these  officers 
and  by  Laws  of  1879,  chapter  244,  themselves  when  vacancies  occur. 

[76] 


for  the  keeping  up  the  succession  in  the  said  offices, 
our  royal  will  and  pleasure  is,  and  we  so  hereby  for 
us,  our  heirs,  and  successors,  establish,  direct,  and 
require  of  and  give  and  grant  to  the  said  Society 
of  the  Hospital  in  the  city  of  New  York  in  America, 
and  their  successors,  for  ever,  that  on  the  said  third 
Tuesday  in  May  now  next  ensuing,  and  yearly,  and 
every  year  for  ever  thereafter  on  the  third  Tuesday 
in  May  in  every  year,  they  and  their  successors, 
shall  meet  at  the  said  Hospital,  or  at  some  other 
convenient  place  in  our  said  city  of  New  York,  to 
be  fixed  and  ascertained  by  some  of  the  By-Laws  or 
regulations  of  our  said  corporation,  and  there,  by 
the  majority  of  such  of  them  as  shall  so  meet,  shall 
by  ballot,  or  in  such  other  manner  and  form  as 
shall  be  directed  and  established  by  any  the  By-Laws 
or  regulations  of  our  said  corporation,  elect  and 
choose  twenty-six  of  their  members,  to  be  Governors 
of  our  said  corporation  and  Hospital  for  the  ensuing 
year;  *  and  also  out  of  the  said  Governors  so  elected 
and  chosen,  shall  elect  and  choose  as  aforesaid,  one 
President  and  one  Vice-President,  of  our  said  cor- 
poration, for  the  ensuing  year.  And  also,  shall 
then  and  there  elect  and  choose,  as  aforesaid,  one 
or  more  of  the  said  Governors  or  members  at  large, 

*This  clause  is  superseded  by  Laws  of  1828,  chapter  89,  which 
provides  for  the  filUng  of  any  vacancy  in  the  Board  of  Governors  by 
the  Board  until  the  next  annual  election. 

[77] 


of  our  said  corporation,  to  be  Treasurer  or  Treasurers 
of  our  said  corporation  for  the  ensuing  year,  and 
another  of  the  said  members  to  be  Secretary  for  the 
ensuing  year.]  Which  said  Governors,  and  other 
the  officers  aforesaid  of  our  said  corporation,  so 
elected,  shall  immediately  enter  upon  their  respective 
offices,  and  hold,  exercise  and  enjoy  the  same  respec- 
tively, from  the  time  of  such  elections  for  and  dur- 
ing the  space  of  one  year,  and  until  other  fit  persons 
shall  be  elected  and  chosen  in  their  respective  places, 
according  to  the  laws  and  regulations  aforesaid. 
*And,  in  case  any  of  the  said  persons  by  these 
presents  nominated  and  appointed  to  the  respective 
offices  aforesaid,  or  who  shall  hereafter  be  elected 
and  chosen  thereto,  respectively,  shall  die,  or  on  any 
account  be  removed  from  such  offices,  respectively, 
before  the  time  of  their  respective  appointed  ser- 
vices shall  be  expired,  or  refuse  or  neglect  to  act  in 
and  execute  the  office  for  which  he  or  they  shall  be 
so  elected  and  chosen,  or  is  or  are  herein  nominated 
and  appointed;  [then  our  royal  will  and  pleasure  is, 
and  we  do  hereby  direct,  ordain  and  require  our  said 
corporation,  to  meet  at  the  place  for  the  time  being 
appointed,  for  the  said  annual  elections,  and  choose 
other  or  others  of  the  members  of  our  said  corpora- 

*This  clause  is  superseded  by  Laws  of  1828,  chapter  89,  which 
provides  for  the  filling  of  any  vacancy  in  the  Board  of  Governors  by 
the  Board  until  the  next  annual  election. 

[78] 


tion,  in  the  place  and  stead  of  him  or  them  so  dying, 
removed,  refusing  or  neglecting  to  act,  within  thirty 
days  next  after  such  contingency:  and  in  this  case, 
for  the  more  due  and  orderly  conducting  such  elec- 
tions, and  to  prevent  any  undue  proceedings  therein, 
we  do  hereby  give  full  power  and  authority  to,  and 
ordain  and  require,  that  upon  every  vacancy  in 
the  office  of  President,  the  Vice-President,  and  any 
five  of  the  Governors  of  our  said  corporation  and 
Hospital,  for  the  time  being;  and  upon  every  va- 
cancy in  the  office  of  Vice-President,  Governor,  and 
in  any  other  of  the  offices  aforesaid,  the  President, 
and  any  five  of  the  said  Governors  for  the  time 
being,  shall  appoint  the  time  for  such  election  and 
elections,  and  cause  public  notice  thereof  to  be 
given,  by  publishing  the  same  in  one  or  more  of  the 
public  newspapers  printed  in  this  colony,  at  least 
seven  days  before  the  day  appointed  for  such  elec- 
tion; or  in  case  it  shall  so  happen  that  at  any  time 
or  times  hereafter,  there  be  no  such  newspapers 
printed  in  this  colony,  then  by  affixing  up  notices 
in  writing,  at  the  least  seven  days  before  the  day 
appointed  for  such  election,  at  two  or  more  of  the 
most  public  places  in  our  said  city  of  New  York; 
hereby  giving  and  granting,  that  such  person  and 
persons  as  shall  be  so  chosen  from  time  to  time,  by 
the  majority  of  such  of  the  members  of  our  said 
corporation  as  shall,  in  such  case,  meet  in  manner 

[79] 


hereby  directed,  by  ballot,  or  in  such  other  manner 
and  form  as  shall  be  directed  by  any  of  the  By- 
Laws  or  regulations  of  our  said  corporation,  shall 
have,  hold,  exercise  and  enjoy  such  the  office  or 
offices  to  which  he  or  they  shall  be  so  elected  and 
chosen  from  the  time  of  such  election  until  the  third 
Tuesday  in  May  thence  next  ensuing,  and  until 
other  or  others  be  legally  chosen  in  his  or  their 
place  or  stead,  as  fully  and  amply  as  the  person  or 
persons  in  whose  place  he  or  they  shall  be  chosen, 
could  or  might  have  done  by  virtue  of  these  presents.] 
And  we  do  hereby  will  and  direct,  that  this  method 
shall  for  ever  hereafter  be  used  for  the  filling  up 
all  vacancies  in  the  said  offices,  between  the  annual 
elections  above  directed;  provided  nevertheless,  that 
as  well  in  the  elections  last  mentioned,  as  in  the 
annual  elections  above  mentioned,  no  person  shall 
be  elected  to  the  office  of  President,  or  Vice-Presi- 
dent, unless  he  then  be  a  Governor  of  our  said 
corporation  and  Hospital.  And  our  will  and  plea- 
sure is,  and  we  do  hereby  for  us,  our  heirs  and 
successors,  direct,  ordain  and  require,  that  every 
President,  Vice-President,  Governor,  Treasurer  and 
Secretary  of  our  said  corporation,  to  be  elected  by 
virtue  of  these  presents,  shall,  before  they  act  in  their 
respective  offices,  take  an  oath,  (or  if  any  of  them 
shall  be  of  the  people  called  Quakers,  or  Unitas 
Fratrum),  an  affirmation  to  be  to  them  administered 

[80} 


by  the  President,  or  Vice-President  of  our  said  cor- 
poration for  the  time  being,  or  of  the  preceding 
year,  (who  are  hereby  severally  authorized  to  ad- 
minister the  same),  for  the  faithful  and  due  execu- 
tion of  their  respective  offices,  during  their  continu- 
ance in  the  same,  respectively.  And  further,  our 
royal  will  and  pleasure  is,  and  we  do  hereby  for  us, 
our  heirs  and  successors,  ordain  and  appoint,  and 
give  and  grant  to  the  Society  of  the  Hospital  in 
the  city  of  New  York  in  America,  that  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  said  corporation  for  the  time  being,  and 
in  case  of  a  vacancy  in  the  said  office  of  President, 
or  in  case  of  his  sickness  or  absence,  the  Vice-Presi- 
dent of  our  said  corporation  shall,  and  may  from 
time  to  time,  as  occasion  may  require,  summon  and 
call  together  at  such  days  and  places  within  our 
said  city  of  New  York,  as  they  shall  respectively 
think  proper,  the  Governors  of  the  said  corporation 
and  Hospital  for  the  time  being,  giving  them  at  the 
least  one  day's  notice  thereof;  and  we  do  hereby 
require  them  to  meet  accordingly,  and  give,  grant 
and  ordain,  that  any  seven  or  more  of  the  said 
Governors  of  our  said  corporation,  being  so  con- 
vened together,  of  whom  the  President  of  our  said 
corporation  for  the  time  being,  or  in  case  of  a  va- 
cancy in  the  said  office,  or  the  sickness  or  absence 
of  the  said  President,  the  Vice-President  for  the 
time  being,  shall  always  be  one,  shall  for  ever  here- 

[81} 


after  be  a  legal  meeting  of  the  said  corporation; 
and  they,  or  the  major  part  of  them  so  met,  shall 
have  full  power  and  authority  to  adjourn  from 
day  to  day,  or  for  any  other  time,  as  the  business  of 
our  said  corporation  may  require;  and  to  do,  exe- 
cute, transact,  manage  and  perform,  in  the  name  of 
our  said  corporation,  all  and  every  act  and  acts, 
thing  and  things  whatsoever,  which  our  said  cor- 
poration are  or  shall,  by  virtue  of  these  our  Letters 
Patent,  be  authorized  to  do,  act,  transact,  manage 
and  perform,  in  as  full  and  ample  manner  as  if  all 
and  every  the  Governors  and  members  of  the  said 
corporation  were  present,  and  consenting  thereto; 
[*  saving  and  except  always  the  electing  of  Governors, 
and  other  the  officers  above  mentioned  of  our  said 
corporation:]  and  also,  saving  and  except  the  giv- 
ing, granting,  selling,  or  otherwise  aliening  any  of 
the  estate,  real  or  personal,  of  our  said  corporation; 
and  the  leasing,  demising,  or  disposing  of  any  of  the 
Lands,  Tenements  or  Hereditaments,  real  or  mixed 
estate  of  our  said  corporation,  for  any  longer  term 
of  time  than  one  year;  our  royal  will  and  pleasure 
being,  that  none  of  the  estate  real,  personal  or 
mixed,  of  our  said  corporation,  be  sold,  or  in  any  wise 
aliened,  but  by  and  with  the  concurrence  and  appro- 
bation of  the  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  the 
Governors  of  our  said  corporation  for  the  time  being, 

*  Amended  by  Laws  of  1879,  chapter  244,  §  2. 

[82] 


first  obtained  at  some  legal  meeting  of  our  said 
corporation,  and  that  none  of  the  real  or  mixed 
estate  of  our  said  corporation  be  leased,  demised, 
or  in  any  wise  disposed  of,  for  any  longer  term  than 
one  year,  without  the  like  concurrence  and  appro- 
bation of  the  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  the 
.Governors  of  our  said  corporation  for  the  time 
being,  first  obtained  as  aforesaid.  And  further,  we 
do  hereby  for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  ordain 
and  appoint,  and  give  and  grant  to  the  Society  of 
the  Hospital  in  the  city  of  New  York  in  America, 
that  at  any,  and  every  such  legal  meeting  of  any 
seven  or  more  of  the  Governors  of  our  said  corpora- 
tion, of  whom  the  President  of  our  said  corporation 
for  the  time  being,  or  in  case  of  a  vacancy  in  the  said 
office,  or  the  sickness  or  absence  of  the  said  Presi- 
dent, the  Vice-President  for  the  time  being,  shall 
always  be  one,  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  them, 
in  writing,  under  the  common  seal  of  our  said  cor- 
poration, to  make,  frame,  constitute,  establish,  and 
ordain,  from  time  to  time,  and  at  all  times  here- 
after, such  laws,  constitutions,  ordinances,  regula- 
tions and  statutes,  for  the  better  government  of 
the  officers,  members,  and  servants  of  the  said  cor- 
poration, and  of  the  patients  from  time  to  time  ad- 
mitted into  the  said  Hospital;  for  fixing  and  ascer- 
taining the  places  of  meeting  of  our  said  corporation, 
on  the  days  and  times  of  the  elections  above  men- 

[83] 


tioned;  and  for  regulating  the  mode  and  manner  of 
making  such,  and  all  other  the  elections  in  our  said 
corporation;  the  management  and  disposition  of 
the  funds  and  charities,  and  all  other  the  business 
and  affairs  whatever  of  our  said  corporation,  as 
they,  or  the  major  part  of  them,  so  legally  met,  shall 
judge  best  for  the  general  good  of  the  said  corpora- 
tion, and  profitable  for  the  more  effectual  promoting 
the  charitable  and  beneficial  designs  of  the  said 
corporation :  and  the  same,  or  any  of  them,  to  alter, 
amend  or  repeal  from  time  to  time,  as  they,  or  the 
major  part  of  them,  so  met  as  aforesaid,  shall  judge 
most  conducive  to  the  benefit  of  the  said  charity; 
provided  such  laws,  constitutions,  regulations,  ordi- 
nances, and  statutes,  be  not  repugnant  to  the  laws 
of  that  part  of  our  kingdom  of  Great  Britain  called 
England,  nor  of  this  our  province  of  New  York. 
And  we  do  further  will  and  grant,  that  the  said 
Governors  of  the  said  corporation  for  the  time  being, 
or  any  seven  or  more  of  them,  so  legally  met  and 
convened  as  aforesaid,  of  whom  the  President,  or 
Vice-President,  for  the  time  being,  shall  always  be 
one,  as  aforesaid,  shall  have  the  full  and  sole  power 
and  authority  for  ever  hereafter,  by  the  majority 
of  their  voices  from  time  to  time,  to  elect,  nominate 
and  appoint  such  and  so  many  physicians  and  sur- 
geons, as  they  shall  judge  necessary  to  attend  the 
said  Hospital,  and  the  sick  and  diseased  patients 

[84] 


from  time  to  time  admitted  to  the  benefits  of  the 
said  charity;  and  to  appoint  the  physicians  and 
surgeons  so  elected,  their  respective  powers,  authori- 
ties, business,  trusts  and  attendances;  and  also  to 
appoint  an  apothecary,  a  steward,  and  matron,  of 
and  for  the  said  Hospital;  and  from  time  to  time 
to  appoint  them,  the  said  apothecary,  steward,  and 
matron,  and  each  of  them,  their  respective  powers, 
authorities,  business,  trusts,  and  attendances;  and 
to  displace  and  discharge  the  apothecary,  steward, 
and  matron,  from  the  service  of  the  said  Hospital, 
and  to  nominate  and  appoint  other  or  others  in  their 
places  and  stead.  And  we  do  further,  of  our  spe- 
cial grace,  certain  knowledge,  and  mere  motion,  for 
us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  grant  and  ordain,  that 
when,  and  as  often  as  any  President,  Vice-Presi- 
dent, Governor,  Treasurer,  Secretary,  Physician,  or 
Surgeon  of  the  said  corporation,  shall  become  unfit 
or  incapable  to  execute  their  said  offices,  respectively, 
or  shall  misdemean  themselves  in  their  said  ofllices, 
respectively,  contrary  to  any  the  by-laws  or  regu- 
lations of  our  said  corporation,  or  refuse  or  neglect 
the  execution  thereof,  and  thereupon  a  complaint 
or  charge  in  writing,  shall  be  exhibited  against 
him  or  them,  by  any  member  of  our  said  corpora- 
tion, at  any  legal  meeting  of  the  Governors  of  our 
said  corporation  and  Hospital,  as  aforesaid,  that  it 
shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  President,  or  Vice- 

[8s] 


President  and  Governors,  or  the  major  part  of  them, 
then  met,  or  at  any  other  legal  meeting  of  our  said 
corporation  from  time  to  time,  and  upon  examina- 
tion and  due  proof,  to  suspend  or  discharge  such 
President,  Vice-President,  Governor,  Treasurer,  Sec- 
retary, Physician,  or  Surgeon,  from  their  offices 
respectively,  although  the  yearly  or  other  time  for 
their  respective  services,  shall  not  be  expired;  any- 
thing before  in  these  presents  contained  to  the  con- 
trary thereof  in  any  wise  notwithstanding;  provided 
always,  that  no  President,  Vice-President,  Governor, 
Physician,  or  Surgeon,  shall  be  suspended  or  dis- 
charged at  any  meeting,  without  the  concurrence 
and  approbation  of  the  majority  of  the  whole  num- 
ber of  the  Governors  of  the  said  corporation,  nor 
without  having  a  copy  of  the  complaint  or  charge 
against  him,  at  least  six  days  before  such  examina- 
tion; and  an  opportunity  to  be  fully  heard  in  his 
defence.  And  for  the  keeping  up  and  preserving 
for  ever  hereafter,  a  succession  of  members  of  the 
said  corporation,  our  will  and  pleasure  is,  and  we  do 
hereby  for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  ordain, 
give,  and  grant,  to  "The  Society  of  the  Hospital 
in  the  City  of  New  York  in  America,"  and  their 
successors  for  ever,  that  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful 
at  all  time  and  times  hereafter,  for  ever,  for  any 
seven  or  more  of  the  Governors  of  our  said  corpora- 
tion, for  the  time  being,  of  whom  we  will  the  Presi- 

[86} 


dent,  or  in  case  of  his  absence,  sickness,  or  a  vacancy 
in  the  said  office  of  President,  the  Vice-President  of 
the  said  corporation,  shall  always  be  one,  being 
convened  and  met  together  as  aforesaid,  so  as  to  be 
a  legal  meeting  of  our  said  corporation,  as  above 
mentioned,  to  elect  and  choose  by  the  majority  of 
their  voices,  and  in  such  manner  and  form,  and  upon 
such  terms  and  conditions,  as  shall  be  directed,  or- 
dained and  established  for  that  purpose,  by  any  the 
said  by-laws,  statutes,  constitutions  or  ordinances 
of  the  said  corporation,  and  admit  under  the  com- 
mon seal  of  our  said  corporation,  such  and  so  many 
persons,  to  be  members  of  the  said  corporation,  as 
they  shall  think  beneficial  to  the  laudable  designs 
of  the  said  corporation.  Which  persons,  and  every 
of  them  so  from  time  to  time  elected,  chosen,  and 
admitted,  shall,  by  virtue  thereof,  and  of  these 
presents,  be  vested  with  all  the  powers,  authorities 
and  privileges,  which  any  member  of  the  said  cor- 
poration is  hereby  invested  with.  And  our  will  and 
pleasure  further  is,  that  the  said  Governors  of  the 
said  corporation  and  Hospital,  shall  yearly  and 
every  year,  give  an  account  in  writing,  of  the  sev- 
eral sums  of  money  by  them  received  and  expended 
by  virtue  of  these  presents,  or  any  authority  hereby 
given;  and  of  the  management,  application  and 
disposition  of  the  revenues  and  charities  aforesaid, 
to  the  General  Assembly  of  our  said  province,  for 

[87] 


the  time  being,  or  to  such  person  or  persons  as  the 
said  General  Assembly  shall,  from  time  to  time,  ap- 
point to  receive  and  audit  the  same  accounts,  when 
they  the  Governors  of  our  said  Hospital  shall  be 
thereunto  required  by  the  said  General  Assembly 
of  our  said  province.  And  further,  we  do  by  these 
presents,  for  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  give  and 
grant,  unto  the  said  Society  of  the  Hospital  in  the 
city  of  New  York  in  America,  and  their  successors 
for  ever,  that  this  our  present  Charter,  shall  be 
deemed,  adjudged  and  construed  in  all  cases  most 
favorably,  and  for  the  best  benefit  and  advantage 
of  our  said  corporation,  and  for  the  promoting  the 
good  ends  and  designs  of  this  charitable  Institu- 
tion: and  that  this  our  present  grant,  being  entered 
on  record,  as  is  hereinafter  expressed,  shall  be  for 
ever  hereafter,  good  and  efifectual  in  the  law,  ac- 
cording to  our  royal  intent  and  meaning  hereinbe- 
fore declared;  and  without  any  other  license,  grant 
or  confirmation  from  us,  our  heirs  or  successors, 
hereafter  by  the  said  corporation  to  be  had  or  ob- 
tained, notwithstanding  any  mis-recitals,  non-re- 
citals, not-naming,  or  mis-naming,  of  any  of  the 
aforesaid  offices,  franchises,  privileges,  immunities, 
or  other  the  premises,  or  any  of  them;  and  although 
no  writ  of  ad  quod  damnum,  or  other  writs,  inquisi- 
tions, or  precepts,  hath  been  upon  this  occasion  had, 
made,  issued  or  prosecuted;  any  statute,  act,  ordi- 

[88] 


nance,  or  provision,  or  other  matter  or  thing  to 
the  contrary  thereof  in  any  wise  notwithstanding. 
In  testimony  whereof,  we  have  caused  these  our 
Letters  to  be  made  Patent,  and  the  great  seal  of 
our  said  province,  to  be  hereunto  affixed,  and  the 
same  to  be  entered  of  record,  in  our  Secretary's 
office  for  our  said  province  of  New  York,  in  one  of 
the  Books  of  Patents  there  remaining.  Witness  our 
right  trusty  and  right  well-beloved  cousin,  John, 
Earl  of  Dunmore,  our  Captain-General  and  Gover- 
nor-in-Chief,  in  and  over  our  said  province  of  New 
York,  and  the  territories  depending  thereon  in 
America,  Chancellor  and  Vice-Admiral  of  the  same, 
at  our  fort  in  our  city  of  New  York,  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  our  council  for  our  said 
province  of  New  York,  the  thirteenth  day  of  June, 
in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  seventy-one,  and  of  our  reign  the  eleventh. 


[89] 


APPENDIX  II 

GOVERNORS  OF  THE  SOCIETY  OF  THE 
NEW  YORK  HOSPITAL 

AND  THE   YEAR   OF   THEIR   ELECTION 


Charles  Ward  Apthorp 1770 

William  Axtell 1770 

Gerardus  William  Beekman 1770 

George  Bowne 1770 

David  Clarkson 1770 

Oliver  Delancey 1770 

Andrew  Elliott 1770 

Walter  Franklin 1770 

Dr.  John  Fothergill  (London) .  .  .  1770 

George  Folliott 1770 

Whitehead  Hicks 1770 

Lawrence  Kortright 1770 

Archibald  Kennedy 1770 

Robert  R.  Livingston 1770 

Abraham  Lott 1770 

Leonard  Lispenard 1770 

Philip  Livingston 1770 

Peter  Van  Brugh  Livingston.  .  . .  1770 

Roger  Morris 1770 

Abraham  Mortier 1770 

William  McAdam 1770 

Nathaniel  Marston 1770 

William  Smith 1770 

John  Watts 1770 

Hugh  Wallace 1770 

Henry  White 1770 

Thomas  Pearsall 1772 

Jacob  Walton 1773 

John  Murray 1773 

Isaac  Roosevelt 1774 

Elias  Desbrosses 1775 

David  Matthews 1776 

William  Bayard 1777 

Henry  Haydock 1777 

[9 


James  Jauncey 1777 

John  Livingston 1777 

Charles  McEvers 1777 

William  Ustick 1777 

Augustus  Van  Cortland 1777 

Augustus  Van  Horn 1780 

Samuel  Franklin 1781 

John  Alsop 1784 

Robert  Bowne 1784 

Aaron  Burr 1784 

James  Duane 1784 

William  Denning 1784 

Lawrence  Embree 1784 

Samuel  Jones 1784 

Robert  Murray 1784 

Lindley  Murray 1784 

Richard  Morris 1784 

William  Maxwell 1784 

Alexander  McDougall 1784 

Daniel  Phoenix 1784 

Walter  Rutherford 1784 

James  Beekman 1785 

Theophylact  Bache 1785 

Thomas  Buchanan 1785 

Francis  Bassett 1785 

Joseph  Hallet 1785 

William  Backhouse 1787 

William  Edgar 1787 

John  Jay 1787 

John  Keese 1787 

William  Laight 1787 

R.  R.  Livingston,  Jr 1787 

John  Lawrence 1787 

John  Murray,  Jr 1787 

I] 


Alexander  McComb 1788 

Sampson  Fleming 1789 

Gerard  Walton 1789 

Hugh  Gaine 1790 

Alexander  Robertson 1790 

Paschal  N.  Smith 1790 

Robert  Watts 1791 

Matthew  Clarkson 1792 

Samuel  Osgood 1792 

Cornelius  Ray 1792 

Moses  Rodgers 1792 

James  Watson 1792 

Thomas  Eddy 1793 

Nicholas  Bayard 1794 

John  Campbell 1794 

Gabriel  Furman ^794 

Abijah  Hammond 1794 

Henry  Rutgers 1794 

William  Shotwell 1794 

Richard  Varick 1794 

Gilbert  C.  Willett 1794 

John  Barrow 1795 

William  Kenyon 1795 

Edmund  Prior 1795 

Jotham  Post 1795 

Peter  Schermerhorn 1795 

Samuel  Bowne 1796 

John  B.  Coles 1796 

Thomas  Franklin 1796 

John  I.  Glover 1796 

William  Minturn 1796 

Jacob  de  la  Montagnie 1797 

Henry  Haydock,  Jr 1797 

William  Jauncey 1797 

Rev.  John  C.  Kunzie 1797 

James  Kent 1797 

William  Robinson 1797 

John  Thurston 1797 

Jonathan  Little 1798 

Richard  R.  Lawrence 1798 

John  McVicker 1798 

Elijah  Pell 1798 

Gulian  Verplanck 1798 

William  Ustick,  Jr 1799 

Gilbert  Aspinwall 1799 

John  Jones 1799 

Benjamin  G.  Minturn 1799 

[9 


William  W.  Woolsey 1799 

John  Atkinson 1800 

William  Bayard 1800 

Walter  Bowne 1800 

Isaac  Collins 1800 

Dr.  John  C.  Lettsom  (London). .  1800 

Robert  Mott 1800 

William  Post 1800 

Dr.  Samuel  Bard 1801 

Rev.  Abraham  Beach 1801 

John  T.  Champlin 1801 

John  G.  Coster 1801 

Samuel  Corp 1801 

Herman  G.  Rutgers 1801 

Joshua  Waddington 1801 

Thomas  Buckley 1802 

Archibald  Gracie 1802 

John  V.  Provost 1802 

James  Scott 1802 

Henry  L  Wyckoff 1802 

Herman  Le  Roy 1803 

Samuel  Mansfield 1803 

Henry  Post,  Jr 1803 

John  Bogert 1804 

William  Johnson 1804 

Jacob  Le  Roy 1804 

Andrew  Morris 1804 

John  Franklin 1806 

John  Kane 1806 

John  R.  Murray 1806 

John  P.  Ritter 1806 

Wynant  Van  Zandt,  Jr 1806 

Matthew  Franklin 1807 

John  B.  Lawrence 1808 

George  Newbold 1808 

Benjamin  D.  Perkins 1808 

Frederick  De  Peyster 1809 

Valentine  Hicks 1809 

Peter  A.  Jay 1809 

Jacob  Sherred 1809 

Ebenezer  Stevens 1809 

Allen  Shepherd 1809 

John  L.  Bowne 18 10 

Samuel  Mott 1810 

Peter  Mesier 1810 

Najah  Taylor 1810 

Richard  Cunningham 18 12 

2] 


Cadwallader  D.  Colden 

Abraham  Barker 

John  Aspinwall 

Cornelius  Dubois 

Dr.  Hugh  Williamson.  , 

Robert  H.  Bowne 

Robert  I.  Murray 

Moses  Field 

Thomas  C.  Taylor 

John  Adams 

William  Bayard,  Jr — 

Nathan  Comstock 

Duncan  P.  Campbell. . 

John  McComb,  Jr 

Benjamin  W.  Rodgers. 

John  Clark,  Jr 

Rev.  F.  C.  Schaeffer. . . 

William  Edgar,  Jr 

Thomas  R.  Smith 

Stephen  Allen 

Philip  Hone 

Gulian  C.  Verplanck .  . 

Ezra  Weeks 

Jonathan  Goodhue 

James  Lovett 

Isaac  Carow 

James  F.  De  Peyster. . 

Nathaniel  Richards 

Benjamin  L.  Swan. ... 

George  Taylor , 

Charles  Wilkes , 

John  A.  Stevens , 

James  Heard 

Edward  W.  Laight , 

John  Hone , 

Robert  C.  Cornell 

Peter  G.  Stuyvesant. . . 

Edward  R.  Jones 

Hubert  Van  Wagenen . 

Augustus  Fleming 

Edward  M.  Lawrence . 

Samuel  F.  Mott 

Frederick  Sheldon 

Jacob  Harvey 

James  I.  Jones 

William  M.  Halsted... 
John  L.  Buckley 


812  James  Donaldson 1843 

813  David  S.  Kennedy 1845 

814  Stacy  B.  Collins 1846 

814  George  T.  Trimble 1846 

814  Augustine  Averill 1848 

815  Henry  Chauncey 1848 

816  D.  W.  C.  Olyphant 1848 

817  George  F.  Hussey 1849 

817  James  William  Beekman 1850 

818  E.  D.  Morgan 1850 

818  Caleb  Swan 1851 

818  Russell  H.  Nevins 1852 

818  Robert  Lenox  Kennedy 1853 

818  D.  Colden  Murray 1853 

818  George  F.  Jones 1854 

819  John  David  Wolfe 1854 

819  James  N.  Cobb 1855 

819  Thos.  Hall  Faile 1855 

822  George  Talbot  Olyphant 1855 

823  Thomas  B.  Stillman 1855 

823  Joseph  Walker 1855 

823  David  Clarkson 1856 

823  John  C.  Green 1856 

823  Frederick  A.  Conkling 1857 

824  Abram  S.  Hewitt 1857 

826  Otis  D.  Swan 1858 

827  Nathaniel  P.  Bailey 1858 

827  Henry  L.  Pierson 1858 

827  Henry  Chauncey,  Jr 1859 

827  Jas.  Boorman  Johnston 1859 

827  John  Jacob  Astor i860 

828  Samuel  Willetts i860 

829  James  M.  Brown 1861 

830  Theodore  B.  Bronson 1864 

831  Israel  Corse 1864 

832  Sheppard  Gandy 1864 

833  William  Dennistoun 1865 

834  Jackson  S.  Schultz 1865 

835  George  Cabot  Ward 1865 

837  Robert  J.  Livingston 1865 

837  George  D.  H.  Gillespie 1866 

837  William  J.  Hoppin 1866 

837  William  B.  Hoffman 1866 

838  Edward  S.  Jaffray 1867 

840  Jonathan  Thorne 1868 

841  James  H.  Banker 1869 

842  John  Earle  Williams 1869 

[93] 


William  H.  Macy 1869 

Merritt  Trimble 1872 

Henry  J.  Davison 1873 

Meredith  Howland 1873 

Theodorus  B.  Woolsey 1873 

Harry  M.  Morris 1874 

William  M.  Halsted 1875 

Herman  R.  Le  Roy 1875 

Wm.  H.  Osborn 1876 

George  W.  Abbe 1877 

Joseph  H.  Choate 1877 

William  H.  Fogg 1877 

William  Warner  Hoppin 1877 

Charles  E.  Strong 1877 

Samuel  Thorne 1877 

Elbridge  T.  Gerry 1878 

William  Turnbull 1878 

William  W.  Astor 1879 

Philip  Schuyler 1880 

James  O.  Sheldon 1881 

Hermann  H.  Cammann 1882 

Wm.  D.  Morgan 1882 

James  William  Beekman 1884 

Cornelius  N.  Bliss 1885 

William  M.  Kingsland 1885 

George  S.  Bowdoin 1887 

Waldron  Post  Brown 1887 

Edward  King 1888 

Frederick  P.  Olcott 1888 

William  Alexander  Duer 1890 

Henry  W.  de  Forest 1890 

Edmund  D.  Randolph 1890 

Fordham  Morris 1891 

James  R.  Roosevelt 1891 

George  G.  DeWitt 1892 


George  G.  Haven 1892 

Frederick  D.  Tappen 1892 

J.  Edward  Simmons 1892 

John  Harsen  Rhoades 1894 

Augustus  D.  Juilliard 1895 

Francis  Lynde  Stetson 1896 

Thomas  H.  Barber 1898 

David  H,  King,  Jr 1898 

Archibald  D.  Russell 1898 

Richard  Trimble 1898 

George  F.  Baker 1899 

Howard  Townsend 1899 

John  Claflin 1901 

Augustine  J.  Smith 1902 

Henry  A.  C.  Taylor 1902 

James  W.  Alexander 1904 

Charles  S.  Brown 1904 

George  L.  Rives 1904 

Edward  W.  Sheldon 1906 

Frank  K.  Sturgis 1907 

James  T.  Woodward 1907 

Bronson  Winthrop 1907 

J.  Woodward  Haven 1908 

Henry  G.  Barbey 1909 

Cornelius  N.  Bliss,  Jr 1909 

Paul  Tuckerman 1910 

William  Woodward 1910 

Arthur  Iselin 1912 

Payne  Whitney 1912 

G.  Beekman  Hoppin 1913 

Lewis  Cass  Ledyard,  Jr 19 13 

Henry  R.  Taylor 1915 

R.  Horace  Gallatin 1916 

Walter  Jennings 1916 

Joseph  H.  Choate,  Jr 1918 


[94} 


APPENDIX  III 
PHYSICIANS  AND  SURGEONS 

AND  THE   YEAR  OF  THEIR   ELECTION 


Samuel  Bard 

Peter  Middleton 

John  Jones , 

Malachi  Treat 

John  Charlton , 

Thomas  Jones , 

Richard  Bayley. ... 

James  Tillary , 

Wright  Post 

Richard  S.  Kissam.. 
Samuel  Nicholl . .  . .  , 
William?.  Smith... 
J.  R.  B.  Rodgers... 
Samuel  Borrowe . . . . 
Valentine  Seaman. . 

ElihuH.  Smith 

Samuel  L.  Mitchill. 

David  Hosack 

William  Hamersley. 

Edward  Miller , 

James  S.  Stringham 
Archibald  Bruce . .  .  , 

John  C.  Osborne 

Benjamin  Dewitt. . . 

Valentine  Mott 

Alex.  H.  Stevens ... 

John  Watts 

John  Neilson 

William  Handy 

Peter  C.  Tappen. . . 

Thomas  Cock 

John  C.  Cheesman. 
J.  Kearney  Rodgers 
Samuel  W.  Moore . . 
Stephen  Brown 


1774  Fr.  U.  Johnston 1828 

1774  James  Macdonald 1829 

1774  Joseph  M.  Smith 1829 

1774  Guy  C.  Bayley 1830 

1791  John  B.  Beck 1832 

1791  Edw.  Delafield 1834 

1792  Alfred  C.  Post 1836 

1792  R.  K.  Hoffman 1836 

1792  John  G.  Adams 1837 

1792  Gurdon  Buck 1837 

1792  Benjamin  Ogden 1837 

1792  James  Macdonald 1838 

1794  William  Wilson 1839 

179s  John  Watson 1839 

1796  John  A.  Swett 1842 

1796  John  H.  Griscom 1843 

1796  Pliny  Earle 1844 

1797  Henry  D.  Bulkley 1848 

1798  Chas.  H.  Nichols 1849 

1806  Thaddeus  M.  Halsted 185 1 

1807  Thomas  M.  Markoe 1852 

1808  D.  Tilden  Brown 1852 

1809  Wm.  H.  Van  Buren 1853 

1809  John  T.  Metcalf 1854 

1817  Thomas  F.  Cock 1855 

1817  Willard  Parker 1856 

1817  George  A.  Peters i860 

1817  Thomas  B.  Dash 1862 

1817  William  H.  Draper 1862 

18 17  Henry  B.  Sands 1863 

1819  Charles  M.  Allin 1865 

1821  Gouverneur  M.  Smith 1866 

1822  Charles  E.  Hackley 1866 

1824  James  W.  McLane 1867 

1826  Ernst  Kracowizer 1867 

[95} 


Woolsey  Johnson 1872 

Robert  F.  Weir 1876 

William  T.  Bull 1876 

George  L.  Peabody 1884 

A.  Brayton  Ball 1888 

Edward  L.  Partridge 1888 

Lewis  A.  Stimson 1888 

W.  Gilman  Thompson 1889 

Samuel  B.  Lyon 1890 

Frank  Hartley 1892 

Francis  W.  Murray 1893 

L.  Duncan  Bulkley 1894 

Henry  B.  Loomis 1895 

Samuel  W.  Lambert 1896 

Lewis  A.  Conner 1896 

Francis  H.  Markoe 1899 

Charles  McBurney 1900 

Percival  R.  Bolton 1900 

Alex.  B.  Johnson 1900 

William  J.  Elser 1906 

Hughes  Dayton 1908 

Nellis  B.  Foster 1908 

Joseph  C.  Roper 1908 

James  C.  Greenway 1908 

William  A.  Downes 1908 


Percy  R.  Turnure 1908 

Eugene  H.  Pool 1908 

James  M.  Hitzrot 1908 

William  R.  Williams 1910 

Theo.  B.  Barringer,  Jr 1910 

William  L.  Russell 191 1 

Edward  Cussler 1912 

Charles  L.  Gibson 191 3 

Burton  J.  Lee 1913 

Frederic  W.  Bancroft 1915 

Charles  E.  Farr 191$ 

Seward  Erdman 1916 

James  H.  Kenyon 1916 

Fenwick  Beekman 1916 

Ralph  G.  Stillman 1916 

Peter  Irving 1916 

Richard  W.  Boiling 1916 

John  A.  Victor 1916 

Eugene  F.  Du  Bois 1917 

Henry  J.  Spencer 1917 

Benj.  Michailovsky 1919 

Harold  E.  B.  Pardee 1919 

Arthur  L.  Holland 1919 

Robert  A.  Cooke 1920 

Paul  A.  Dineen 1920 

Oswald  S.  Lowsley 1920 


[96] 


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